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2024

ํ•œ๊ตญ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  EU์˜ 3๋Œ€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ทœ์ œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ

์„œ๋ก 

์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ(EU)์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ 3๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Product Liability Directive(PLD), Cyber Resilience Act(CRA), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  AI Act๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋ฐฐํฌ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. EU ์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ: EU๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ๋งŽ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ง„์ถœ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด EU ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์„ค์ •: EU์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ‘๋ธŒ๋คผ์…€ ํšจ๊ณผ‘๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๊ธฐ์—… ์ฑ…์ž„์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€: ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ PLD์˜ ๋ฌด๊ณผ์‹ค ์ฑ…์ž„ ์›์น™์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ๋•Œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ด€์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ์„ ์ œ์  ๋Œ€์‘: ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „์— ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ: ๊ฐ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•: ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ œ ๊ฐ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. Product Liability Directive (PLD)

1.1 ๊ฐœ์š”

Product Liability Directive(PLD)๋Š” EU์—์„œ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ฑ…์ž„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ง€์นจ์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1.2 ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‚ฌํ•ญ

  1. ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ •์˜ ํฌํ•จ: PLD๋Š” ‘์ œํ’ˆ’์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ, ํŽŒ์›จ์–ด, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ, ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๋ฌด๊ณผ์‹ค ์ฑ…์ž„ ์›์น™: PLD๋Š” ‘๋ฌด๊ณผ์‹ค ์ฑ…์ž„’ ์›์น™์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์‹ค์ด ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์†ํ•ด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ™•๋Œ€: PLD๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†ํ•ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋„๋ก ์†ํ•ด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1.3 ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„

PLD๋Š” EU ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” EU ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ œ์กฐ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ EU ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1.4 ์ฃผ์š” ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ

์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ค๋ช…
๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1.5 ์‹œํ–‰ ์ผ์ •

PLD๋Š” 2024๋…„ 11์›”์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, 2๋…„ ํ›„์ธ 2026๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1.6 ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

  1. ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ™•๋Œ€: ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ์ž์‚ฌ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์†ํ•ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด ์นจํ•ด๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์ œํ’ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™”: ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ œํ’ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ‘Security by Design’ ์›์น™์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ๋ฐ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”: ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ, ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ: ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๊ณผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)

2.1 ๊ฐœ์š”

Cyber Resilience Act(CRA)๋Š” EU์—์„œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ž…๋œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ(Products with Digital Elements, PDEs)์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2.2 ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„

CRA๋Š” EU ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  PDEs์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” EU ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ œ์กฐ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ EU ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2.3 ์ฃผ์š” ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ

  1. ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ: ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ “ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ"์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ๋ฐฐํฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€: ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” PDE์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ: PDEs๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์—†์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ฒด ์—†์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„: ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์†Œ 5๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ (์›” ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋„)์€ ๊ตฌ๋งค ์‹œ์ ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. Software Bill of Materials (SBOM): ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ ์ข…์†์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ชฉ๋ก(SBOM)์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  6. ํ…Œ์ŠคํŒ…: ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  7. ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋ณด๊ณ : ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2.4 ์‹œํ–‰ ์ผ์ •

CRA๋Š” 2024๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœํšจ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” 2027๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ EU ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2.5 ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

์˜ํ–ฅ์„ค๋ช…
์ œํ’ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ œํ’ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ‘Security by Design’ ์›์น™์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ๋ฐ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ทจ์•ฝ์ , SBOM ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๊ณผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„, ํ‰๊ฐ€, ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2.6 ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

  1. ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋„์ž…: ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. SBOM ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•: ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ : ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ง€์› ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ: ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ง€์› ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŒ… ๊ฐ•ํ™”: ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŒ… ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  6. ๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ : CRA ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  7. ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”: ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง์›์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

CRA๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ œํ’ˆ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด EU ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3. AI Act

3.1 ๊ฐœ์š”

AI Act๋Š” EU์—์„œ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋ฐฐํฌ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋„์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3.2 AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

AI Act๋Š” AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ์šฉ์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ
  2. ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜
  3. ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ
  4. ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ

3.3 ์ฃผ์š” ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ

  1. ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ: ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
    • ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์™„ํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ
    • ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์™€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹
    • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ถ”์ ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™ ๋กœ๊น…
    • ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ
    • ๋ฐฐํฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต
    • ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ๋… ์กฐ์น˜
    • ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ์„ฑ, ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ
  2. ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ: ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ฑ—๋ด‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. General-Purpose AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ: General-Purpose AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3.4 ์‹œํ–‰ ์ผ์ •

AI Act๋Š” 2024๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ์— ๋ฐœํšจ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2๋…„ ํ›„์ธ 2026๋…„ 8์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐํ•ญ์€ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ 6๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„ ์ ์šฉ
  • ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ฐ General-Purpose AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” 12๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„ ์ ์šฉ
  • ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์€ 36๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„ ์ ์šฉ

3.5 ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

์˜ํ–ฅ์„ค๋ช…
AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ž์‚ฌ์˜ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”, ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง, ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ๋… ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ชจ๋“  AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฑ—๋ด‡์ด๋‚˜ ๋”ฅํŽ˜์ดํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
General-Purpose AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฌดGeneral-Purpose AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ณ ๋ คEU ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ˜์‹  ์†๋„ ์ €ํ•˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™์‹œ์— EU์˜ ๋†’์€ AI ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์šฐ์œ„๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œค๋ฆฌ์  AI ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ด‰์ง„AI Act๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” AI ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ‰ํŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
AI ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋ฐฐํฌ, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ณด์ฆ, ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3.6 ์‹œํ–‰ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

  1. AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜: ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ž์‚ฌ์˜ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  AI Act์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ: AI Act์˜ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ผ์ •์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž์› ํ• ๋‹น, ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก: AI ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง์›๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์œค๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ : AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ, ๋ฐฐํฌ, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”์‹œ ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”: AI Act์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ, ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ, ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๋“ฑ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3.7 AI Act์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ์˜์˜

  • ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ: AI Act๋Š” AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”: ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” AI์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  AI ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ด‰์ง„: AI Act๋Š” AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด EU์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” AI ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์„ค์ •: EU์˜ AI ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” EU ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

AI Act๋Š” AI ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ AI์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์„ ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AI Act๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ AI ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

4. ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ

EU์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ(PLD, CRA, AI Act)์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘ ์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

4.1 ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ 

๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ 
PLD๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ฐ•ํ™”
CRA๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ฐ•ํ™”
AI ActAI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ, ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด

์„ธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณตํ†ต ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

4.2 ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ค‘์ฒฉ

๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, AI ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ IoT ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • PLD: ์ œํ’ˆ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๊ด€์ 
  • CRA: ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ
  • AI Act: AI ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ

4.3 ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ

๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ์ค‘๋ณต ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์ง€
  2. ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ
  3. ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ํ™œ์šฉ
  4. ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

5. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ถŒ์žฅ์‚ฌํ•ญ

EU์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฃผ์š” ๊ถŒ์žฅ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

5.1 ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ํƒœ์Šคํฌํฌ์Šค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

  • ๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋‹คํ•™์ œ์  ํŒ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ
  • EU ๊ทœ์ œ ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ•  ๋ถ€์—ฌ
  • ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์„œ์™€์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•

5.2 ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ฒ€ํ† 

  • ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ถœ์‹œ ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ/์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ EU ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€
  • ๊ฐ ์ œํ’ˆ/์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ํŒŒ์•…
  • ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œํ’ˆ/์„œ๋น„์Šค ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„  ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ

5.3 ๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ๋ฐ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

  • ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ, ๋ฐฐํฌ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•
  • SBOM(Software Bill of Materials) ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋„์ž…
  • AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋งˆ๋ จ

5.4 ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

  • ์ œํ’ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ
  • ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•
  • AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…

5.5 ์ธ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

  • EU ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ์œก์„ฑ
  • ์ž„์ง์› ๋Œ€์ƒ EU ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์šด์˜
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•

5.6 R&D ๋ฐ ํ˜์‹  ์ „๋žต ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† 

  • ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ R&D ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„
  • Security by Design’ ๋ฐ ‘Privacy by Design’ ์›์น™ ์ ์šฉ
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  AI ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ

5.7 ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต ์กฐ์ •

  • EU ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„
  • ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ ์กฐ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์ต ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ
  • EU ์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™•์žฅ ์ „๋žต ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† 

5.8 ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

  • ๊ณ ๊ฐ, ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ, ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๋“ฑ์—๊ฒŒ EU ๊ทœ์ œ ๋Œ€์‘ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ •๊ธฐ์  ๊ณต์œ 
  • ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ/์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ฐ•์กฐ
  • ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด ์š”์ฒญ

6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก 

EU์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ทœ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์ „์ด์ž ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PLD, CRA, AI Act๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ์„ ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. EU ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์šฐ์œ„ ํ™•๋ณด
  2. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์„ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ ํš๋“
  3. ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ
  4. ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์ œ๊ณ 
  5. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด

ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Disclaimer: ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

To Mine or Not To Mine: ๋…์ผ ๋ฒ•์›์ด AI ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ํŒ๊ฒฐ

์ด ๊ธ€์€ JBB Rechtsanwรคlt:innen์˜ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ “To Mine or Not To Mine”(https://jbb.de/to-mine-or-not-to-mine/)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹(TDM)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋…์ผ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹จ, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

2021๋…„, ๋…์ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํฌ๋„ค์Šˆ์ผ€(Robert Kneschke)๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด LAION(Large-scale Artificial Intelligence Open Network)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  AI ํ•™์Šต์šฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์— ๋ฌด๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

AI ํ•™์Šต์šฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์ด๋ž€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ์Œ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ‘LAION-5B‘๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์€ ์•ฝ 58์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ๊ทธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๋ช… ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์€ AI๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

CommonCrawl

์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ‘CommonCrawl‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CommonCrawl์€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ‘๋ฐฑ์—…’ ๋˜๋Š” ‘์ด๋ฏธ์ง€’๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • CommonCrawl์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ์‹:
    1. ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    2. ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋“ฑ ๋น„ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ์ €์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    3. ๋Œ€์‹  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

CommonCrawl์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์„ ์ž์ฒด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์€ ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ‘์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ’๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

LAION์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •

LAION์€ CommonCrawl์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. CommonCrawl ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋งํฌ ์ถ”์ถœ: LAION์€ CommonCrawl ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํŒŒ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋งŒ์„ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  2. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘: LAION์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋งํฌ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

    • ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…
    • ์›Œํ„ฐ๋งˆํฌ ์œ ๋ฌด
    • ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์œ ํ•ด ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ํฌํ•จ ์—ฌ๋ถ€
  3. ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„: ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, LAION์€ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  4. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ: ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ LAION์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ‘œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ, ๊ฐ ํ–‰์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋งํฌ์™€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด LAION์€ AI ํ•™์Šต์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํฌ๋„ค์Šˆ์ผ€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์•ฝ๊ด€์— ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , LAION์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ฌด๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด LAION์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹(TDM)์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ์ œ60d์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ AI ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ , ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์†Œ์†ก์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘

2023๋…„ 4์›” 27์ผ, ํฌ๋„ค์Šˆ์ผ€๋Š” ํ•จ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์›์— LAION์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ž€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ ์—†์ด ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋„ค์Šˆ์ผ€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝ ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” AI ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒ•์  ์Ÿ์ 

์ด ์†Œ์†ก์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์Ÿ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹(TDM) ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„: TDM ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ทœ์ •์ด๋ž€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์— ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ ์—†์ด๋„ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์†Œ์†ก์—์„œ๋Š” AI ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ์ด ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ทœ์ •์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์Ÿ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์ธ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด ์˜ˆ์™ธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์—ฌ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์ •์˜: LAION์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ‘๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ’๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ‘opt-out’ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ: ‘Opt-out’์ด๋ž€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด TDM์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ์˜์‚ฌ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ํšจํ•œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์Ÿ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

EU ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ง€์นจ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

2019๋…„ EU๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋‹จ์ผ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ง€์นจ(DSM Directive)์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” 2021๋…„ 6์›” 7์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ EU ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ง€์นจ์€ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM (์ œ3์กฐ)
    • ๋Œ€์ƒ: ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋ชฉ์ : ์˜ค์ง ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๊ถŒํ•œ: ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ๋„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ ‘๊ทผ ์กฐ๊ฑด: ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(์˜ˆ: ๊ตฌ๋…, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๋“ฑ)
    • ์ œํ•œ: ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ œ์™ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM (์ œ4์กฐ)
    • ๋Œ€์ƒ: ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋ชฉ์ : ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชฉ์ (์ƒ์—…์  ๋ชฉ์  ํฌํ•จ)์˜ TDM์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๊ถŒํ•œ: ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ณดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ ‘๊ทผ ์กฐ๊ฑด: ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
      • Opt-out ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜: ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๋Š” ‘์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹’์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(์˜ˆ: ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์‹).
    • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€: TDM ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ œ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋…์ผ์€ ์ด ์ง€์นจ์„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐœ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ์ œ44b์กฐ: ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์‹ ์„คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐํ•ญ์€ ์ƒ์—…์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€(opt-out)ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ œ60d์กฐ: ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐํ•ญ์€ ๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋„“์€ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ opt-out ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŒ๊ฒฐ

2024๋…„ 9์›” 27์ผ, ํ•จ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์›์€ LAION์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. LAION์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ์ƒ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์€ ๋…์ผ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ์ œ60d์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.
  2. LAION์ด ์ƒ์—… ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ถ€์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
  3. ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ด์šฉ์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ์ž์—ฐ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ TDM ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋„ ‘๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์‹’์˜ opt-out์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

ํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์˜์˜

  1. TDM ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ด์„:
    • ๋ฒ•์›์€ LAION์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋Š” AI ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ TDM ์˜ˆ์™ธ์— ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ด์„์€ AI ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋” ๋„“์€ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ •์˜ ํ™•์žฅ:
    • LAION์ด ์ƒ์—… ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋Š” ํ•™๊ณ„์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ํ•™์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฐํ•™ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋„ TDM ์˜ˆ์™ธ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. opt-out ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด์„: ๋น„๋ก ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ LAION์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋˜์–ด opt-out์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ๋” ๋„“์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
    • ๋ฒ•์  ํ•ด์„์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ: ๋ฒ•์›์€ ‘๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์‹’์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์š”๊ฑด์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ƒ์—…์  TDM์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ: ๋น„๋ก ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ํ•ด์„์€ ์ƒ์—…์  ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์—…์  TDM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ opt-out์ด ์œ ํšจํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์นจ: ์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ TDM์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ด์šฉ์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ: AI ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์•ฝ๊ด€์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•:
    • ์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  ์ด‰์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„, AI์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ „๋ง

์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฌ๋„ค์Šˆ์ผ€๋Š” ํ•ญ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ๋ฒ•์›์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์žฌํŒ์†Œ(CJEU)๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ EU ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ AI ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ , ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ๋ฒ•์  ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด AI ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 

์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ๋…์ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด AI ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ์ƒ์—…์  ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM: ์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ๋น„์ƒ์—…์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ์—…์  ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ TDM๋„ ์ผ์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ƒ์—…์  TDM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ opt-out ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ์‹: AI ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์‹œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์•ฝ๊ด€์„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TDM์„ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ: ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ: AI ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ • ๋Œ€๋น„: EU์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ง€์นจ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์˜๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AI ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ AI ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ , ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด AI ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” AI ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ค‘๊ตญ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ์†Œ์†ก ์‚ฌ๋ก€ โ€œGPL ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐฐ๊ปด๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”?

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ, ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ GPL(GNU General Public License)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ copyleft ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ 2์ฐจ์  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณจ์น˜ ์•„ํ”ˆ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ์†Œ์†ก์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์†Œ์†ก ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž

  • ์›๊ณ : Wangjing Technology(์™•์ง•)
  • ํ”ผ๊ณ :
    • Yibang Communication Technology(์ด๋ฐฉ)
    • Qi’ao Network Technology(์น˜์•„์˜ค)
    • ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ(Liu, Wu, Xie)

์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

2009๋…„, ์™•์ง•์€ ‘OfficeTen’์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์œตํ•ฉ ํ†ต์‹  ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์›จ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OfficeTen SDG 1800 by Wangjing - http://www.cncr-it.com/product_detail.php?sid=26&cid=133&id=388

์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ‘OfficeTen1800’ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์ธ ‘OpenWRT’๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2013๋…„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํŒ๊ถŒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋“ฑ๋ก ์ฆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: OpenWRT๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์ƒ์œ„ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™•์ง•์€ ํ›„์ž๊ฐ€ OpenWRT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ๋Š” “๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2015๋…„, ์™•์ง•์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ด๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์ž์‚ฌ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์™•์ง•์˜ ์ „ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ‘OfficeTen1800’์˜ ์†Œ์Šค์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์น˜์•„์˜ค์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™”๊ณ , ์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์™•์ง•์˜ ‘OfficeTen1800’๊ณผ ์ด๋ฐฉ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋™์ผ ๋น„์œจ์ด 90.2%์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์™•์ง•์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๋งˆํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์†Œ์†ก์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ

2018๋…„ 7์›”, ์™•์ง•์€ ์ด๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์น˜์•„์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™•์ง•์€ ์นจํ•ด ์ค‘์ง€์™€ 300๋งŒ ์œ„์•ˆ์˜ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ”ผ๊ณ  ์ธก์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ

์ด๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์น˜์•„์˜ค๋Š” ์นจํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ถ€์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ‘OfficeTen1800’์€ ‘OpenWRT’๋ผ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ‘OpenWRT’๋Š” GPLv2 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
  3. ์™•์ง•๊ฐ€ ‘OfficeTen1800’์˜ ์†Œ์Šค์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ GPLv2 ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด๋‹ค.
  4. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™•์ง•์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ

1์‹ฌ ํŒ๊ฒฐ

์‘ค์ €์šฐ ์ค‘๊ธ‰๋ฒ•์›์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„, ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.
  2. GPLv2 ๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€๋ จ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์ด๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์น˜์•„์˜ค์˜ ์นจํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์นจํ•ด ์ค‘์ง€์™€ 50๋งŒ ์œ„์•ˆ(์•ฝ 70,961 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์•ฝ10์–ต)์˜ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์„ ๋ช…๋ นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ตœ๊ณ ์ธ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ

์ด๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์น˜์•„์˜ค๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์†Œํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ตœ๊ณ ์ธ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์›์‹ฌ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ณ ์ธ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŒ๋‹จ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ‘OpenWRT’ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ, GPLv2 ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
  2. ์™•์ง•์˜ GPLv2 ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ƒ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
  3. ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์˜์˜

์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ 2์ฐจ์  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์˜ ์ธ์ •: ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ 2์ฐจ์  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ: GPLv2 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ƒ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์œ ํšจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋‚จ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์ง€: ํ”ผ๊ณ  ์ธก์˜ “์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐฐ๊ปด๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ, GPL ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์•…์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ: 2์ฐจ์  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋„๋ชจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

WordPressย ํ…Œ๋งˆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ

์นผ์Šค๋ฃจ์—ย ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๋ฒ•์›์˜ WordPressย ํ…Œ๋งˆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(2020๋…„ 11์›” 13์ผ ํŒ๊ฒฐ, ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 6 U 60/20)์—์„œ๋„ GPLv2๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ฒ•์›์€ย ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. (์ฃผ์žฅ๋œ) ํŒŒ์ƒ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์†Œ์œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ GPLv2์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šคํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. Copyleft ์œ„๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒย ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ย ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. GPLv2์˜ ์ง‘ํ–‰์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์„œ์˜ย ์ฑ…์ž„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ “GPL ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง‘ํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ GPL ๋ผ์ด์„ ์‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŒŒ์ƒ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์ €์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ธ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ๊ณผย ๋งฅ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, GPLย ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€ 2์ฐจ์  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ย ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์  ํ•ด์„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 

์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ค€์ˆ˜: GPL ๋“ฑ copyleft ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๋…์ฐฝ์  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ: ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์†Œ์Šค์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ: ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ์™€ ์ž์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€: ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง: ์ž์‚ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์ด๋ฒˆ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋…์ผ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ “GPL ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐฐ๊ปด๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”?“๋ผ๋Š” ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. GPL ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ 2์ฐจ์  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋„, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ณต์ œ์™€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ํ•ด์„์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ค€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋…์ฐฝ์  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žก์•„๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์™€ ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์‹ ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธธ์ž„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„œ

  1. 2024-09-20 OpenWRT, the GPL and the Supreme People’s Court of China: https://www.ifross.org/?q=node/1676
  2. 2023-12-29 ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ 2์ฐจ์  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์‚ฌ๋ก€: https://www.copyright.or.kr/information-materials/trend/International-copyright-center/download.do?brdctsno=52544&brdctsfileno=22493

์ด ๊ธ€์€ Perplexity (https://www.perplexity.ai/)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SKT๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ Perplexicy Pro๋ฅผ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.: https://perplexity.sktadotevent.com/

๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ Elasticsearch ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ, ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€?

์„œ๋ก : Elasticsearch ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

Elasticsearch๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” Apache 2.0 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ•˜์— ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 2021๋…„ Elastic์€ Elastic License 2.0๊ณผ Server Side Public License๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ 2024๋…„ 8์›” 30์ผ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ AGPL-3.0์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœํ‘œ(Elasticsearch is Open Source, Again)๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—๋„ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” Elasticsearch๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


1. Elasticsearch ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ

1.1 Apache 2.0์—์„œ Elastic License 2.0์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜

Elasticsearch๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— Apache 2.0 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, 2021๋…„ 1์›” Elastic์€ Elastic License 2.0๊ณผ SSPL๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Elastic์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ œ๊ณต์ž, ํŠนํžˆ AWS์™€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AWS๋Š” Elasticsearch๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ž์ฒด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋‚˜ ๋น„์šฉ ์ง€๋ถˆ ์—†์ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Elastic์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Elastic License 2.0์€ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ, Elastic์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AWS๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด OpenSearch ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ Apache 2.0 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ „ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ, “Elastic License 2.0 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค“์—์„œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1.2 Elastic License 2.0๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Elastic License 2.0์€ **Open Source Initiative (OSI)**์—์„œ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผœ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Elastic์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์ต ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


2. Elasticsearch, AGPL-3.0 ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

2.1 AGPL-3.0์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง•

2024๋…„ 8์›”, Elastic์€ GNU Affero General Public License v3 (AGPL-3.0)๋ฅผ Elasticsearch์™€ Kibana์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜ต์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AGPL-3.0์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด GPL ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

AGPL-3.0์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด: ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋•Œ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ: AGPL-3.0์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ•˜์— ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

AGPL-3.0์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.: AGPL-3.0 ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

2.2 AGPL-3.0์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•œ ์ด์œ 

Elastic์ด AGPL-3.0์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณต: ์ด์ „์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž OSI๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” AGPL-3.0์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Elastic์˜ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ์ž์ด์ž CTO์ธ Shay Banon์€ “์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณต: AGPL-3.0์€ OSI๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ธํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ: OSI๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ธํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Elastic์˜ ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ์—…์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, OpenSearch์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด Elastic์˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„์„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


3. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€, ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜?

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3.1 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ์žฆ์€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๊ฒจ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋‹ด ํŒ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž…์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ „๋‹ด ํŒ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ: ๋ฒ•๋ฌดํŒ€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํŒ€์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋‹ด ํŒ€์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค: ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋„๊ตฌ ํ™œ์šฉ: ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„(SCA) ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํฌ๋„ŒํŠธ์™€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3.2 ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ๋งˆ๋ จ

๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ: ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์™€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ์ œ๊ณต: ์ฃผ์š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์„ฑ: ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ž๋ฌธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3.3 ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ AGPL-3.0 ๋Œ€์‘

ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ AGPL-3.0์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘ ์ „๋žต์—๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ฐ•ํ™”: ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— AGPL-3.0 ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๋ฒ•์ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋Œ€์ฒด ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† : AGPL-3.0 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๋ถ€๋‹ด์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋Œ€์ฒด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์šฉ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”: ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, AGPL-3.0์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ์šฉ๋„๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด AGPL-3.0 ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ๋ฒ•๋ฌดํŒ€๊ณผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๋Œ€์‘

Elasticsearch๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ AGPL-3.0์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์‹  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋Š” Elastic์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AGPL-3.0๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๋žต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ด์ ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์ด ๊ธ€์€ Perplexity(https://www.perplexity.ai/)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SKT๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ Perplexicy Pro๋ฅผ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.: https://perplexity.sktadotevent.com/

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SPDX 3.0 ์†Œ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋„์ž… ์ „๋žต

1. SPDX 3.0 ์†Œ๊ฐœ

SPDX(Software Package Data Exchange)๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค, ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ ํ‘œ์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SPDX 3.0์€ ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ ์ตœ์‹  ๋ฒ„์ „์œผ๋กœ, 2024๋…„ 4์›”์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[2].

SPDX์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ชฉ์ 

SPDX๋Š” Linux Foundation์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ค‘์š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณต
  • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ 
  • ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ง€์›
  • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ

SPDX 3.0์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‚ฌํ•ญ

SPDX 3.0์€ ์ด์ „ ๋ฒ„์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ: SPDX 3.0์€ ์ฝ”์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ”„๋กœํ•„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ : ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ„์ „์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ •์˜ ํ•„๋“œ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ์ง€์›: ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ๋ณด์•ˆ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค, ๋นŒ๋“œ, AI/ML ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ • ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ: ์—”ํ‹ฐํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SPDX 3.0์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ

SPDX 3.0์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”: ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก(SBOM) ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ, ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด ๊ตํ™˜์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์ง€์›: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ NTIA์˜ SBOM ์ตœ์†Œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ฐ•ํ™”: CVE ์ •๋ณด์™€์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”: ISO/IEC 5962:2021๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์–ด ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[2].

SPDX 3.0์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ๋ณด์•ˆ, ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Citations:
[1] https://fossa.com/blog/understanding-using-spdx-license-identifiers-license-expressions/
[2] https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/spdx-3-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases
[3] https://fossa.com/learn/spdx
[4] https://fossa.com/blog/sbom-examples-explained/
[5] https://ossna2023.sched.com
[6] https://ossna2023.sched.com/list/descriptions/
[7] https://fossa.com/blog/spdx-3-0/

2. SPDX 3.0์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

SPDX 3.0์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ์ตœ์‹  ๋ฒ„์ „์œผ๋กœ, ์ด์ „ ๋ฒ„์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

SPDX 3.0์€ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[1][5]. ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ์ฝ”์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ: ๋ชจ๋“  SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋งž์ถ˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ์„ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ 

SPDX 3.0์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ •์˜ ํ•„๋“œ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[5]. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ง€์›

SPDX 3.0์€ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[7]:

  1. ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ
  2. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ณต
  3. AI ํ”„๋กœํ•„: AI ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด ํฌํ•จ
  4. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต
  5. ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง• ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ์ •๋ณด ํฌํ•จ
  6. ๋นŒ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋นŒ๋“œ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„๋“ค์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด, ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด SPDX๋ฅผ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[7].

ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ

SPDX 3.0์€ ์—”ํ‹ฐํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[1]. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด:

  • ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋” ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ค€์ˆ˜

SPDX 3.0์€ ISO/IEC 5962:2021 ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[5][6]. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด:

  • ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ(์˜ˆ: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ EO 14028, EU ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ๋ฒ•)์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ •๋ณด ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ

SPDX 3.0์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ๋ณด์•ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Citations:
[1] https://scribesecurity.com/ko/blog/spdx-vs-cyclonedx-sbom-formats-compared/
[2] https://github.com/spdx/spdx-3-model/releases
[3] https://olis.or.kr/license/licenseSPDX.do?mapcode=010107
[4] https://ettrends.etri.re.kr/ettrends/203/0905203008/0905203008.html
[5] https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/spdx-3-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases
[6] https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/spdx-3-0-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases-302118321.html
[7] https://www.gttkorea.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=5131

3. SPDX 3.0 ํ”„๋กœํ•„

SPDX 3.0์—์„œ ๋„์ž…๋œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋งž์ถฐ SPDX ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ํŠน์ • ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฝ”์–ด ํ”„๋กœํ•„

์ฝ”์–ด ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ๋ชจ๋“  SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ:
    • Element: ๋ชจ๋“  SPDX ๊ฐ์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํด๋ž˜์Šค
    • Artifact: ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํด๋ž˜์Šค
    • Agent: ๊ฐœ์ธ, ์กฐ์ง, ๋„๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํด๋ž˜์Šค
    • Relationship: ์—”ํ‹ฐํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ž˜์Šค
  • ๋ชฉ์ : ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”„๋กœํ•„์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ: ๋ชจ๋“  SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ”์–ด ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”„๋กœํ•„

์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ƒ์„ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ:
    • Package: ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด
    • File: ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํŒŒ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด
    • Snippet: ํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด
  • ๋ชฉ์ : ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ, ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ: ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„

๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ:
    • Vulnerability: ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์ •๋ณด
    • Assessment: ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด
  • ๋ชฉ์ : ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ: CVE(Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ”„๋กœํ•„

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ:
    • License: ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด
    • LicenseExpression: ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ‘œํ˜„
  • ๋ชฉ์ : ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ: ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋นŒ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„

๋นŒ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋นŒ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ:
    • BuildStep: ๋นŒ๋“œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ •๋ณด
    • BuildTool: ๋นŒ๋“œ ๋„๊ตฌ ์ •๋ณด
  • ๋ชฉ์ : ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋˜๊ณ  ํŒจํ‚ค์ง•๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ: CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์˜ ๋นŒ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

AI/ML ํ”„๋กœํ•„

AI/ML ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ:
    • AIModel: AI ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ •๋ณด
    • Dataset: ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ์ •๋ณด
  • ๋ชฉ์ : AI/ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ, ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ: ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์„ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Citations:
[1] https://spdx.dev/leveraging-profiles-for-license-compliance-insights-from-spdx-mini-summit/
[2] https://spdx.dev/providing-transparency-at-software-developments-core-process-build-time/
[3] https://spdx.github.io/spdx-spec/v2.3/SPDX-license-list/
[4] https://spdx.dev/capturing-software-vulnerability-data-in-spdx-3-0/
[5] https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/spdx-3-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases
[6] https://spdx.dev/understanding-spdx-profiles/
[7] https://github.com/spdx/spdx-3-model/actions
[8] https://spdx.github.io/spdx-spec/v3.0/model/AI/AI/

4. SPDX 3.0 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ

SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ด์ „ ๋ฒ„์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฃผ์š” ์—”ํ‹ฐํ‹ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„

  1. Element
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐ์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋ชจ๋“  Element๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ SPDX ID๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. Artifact
    • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (์˜ˆ: ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€, ํŒŒ์ผ, ์Šค๋‹ˆํŽซ).
    • ์ด๋ฆ„, ๋ฒ„์ „, ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ๋“ฑ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. Agent
    • ๊ฐœ์ธ, ์กฐ์ง, ๋„๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. Relationship
    • ์—”ํ‹ฐํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (์˜ˆ: ์˜์กด์„ฑ, ํฌํ•จ ๊ด€๊ณ„).
    • ์†Œ์Šค, ๋Œ€์ƒ, ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. LifecycleScopedRelationship
    • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ดํ”„์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํŠน์ • ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  6. Annotation
    • ์—”ํ‹ฐํ‹ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹๋ณ„์ž ์ฒด๊ณ„

SPDX 3.0์€ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์‹๋ณ„์ž ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • SPDX ID: ๋ชจ๋“  Element์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์‹๋ณ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์‹๋ณ„์ž: ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹๋ณ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (์˜ˆ: CVE, PURL).
  • ๋„ค์ž„์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค: ์‹๋ณ„์ž์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

  1. CreationInfo
    • SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋‚ ์งœ, ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž, ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ํ”„๋กœํ•„๋ณ„ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ
    • ๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœํ•„(์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ๋ณด์•ˆ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋“ฑ)์— ํŠนํ™”๋œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ•„๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜

  1. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ •์˜ ์†์„ฑ
    • ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ•„๋“œ ์™ธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์†์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ฐธ์กฐ
    • ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํƒ€์ž…

SPDX 3.0์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํƒ€์ž…์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด, ์ •์ˆ˜, ๋ถ€์šธ, ๋‚ ์งœ/์‹œ๊ฐ„
  • ์—ด๊ฑฐํ˜• (์˜ˆ: ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํƒ€์ž…, ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํƒ€์ž…)
  • ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํƒ€์ž… (์˜ˆ: ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋ฒ”์œ„, ์ฒดํฌ์„ฌ)

์ง๋ ฌํ™” ํ˜•์‹

SPDX 3.0 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง๋ ฌํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • JSON-LD
  • YAML
  • RDF
  • XML

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹ ์ง€์›์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ์ง€์›

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • ์ฝ”์–ด ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ๋ชจ๋“  SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์š”์†Œ
  • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด
  • ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ
  • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด
  • AI/ML ํ”„๋กœํ•„: AI ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ
  • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด

๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ•„๋“œ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋™์‹œ์— ํŠน์ • ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

5. SPDX 3.0 ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

SPDX 3.0์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ

SPDX 3.0์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. SPDX Java ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ
    • GitHub: https://github.com/spdx/tools-java
    • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ: SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ ํŒŒ์‹ฑ, ์ƒ์„ฑ, ๋ณ€ํ™˜, ๊ฒ€์ฆ
    • ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•: Maven ์˜์กด์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ Java ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
  2. SPDX Python ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ
    • GitHub: https://github.com/spdx/tools-python
    • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ: SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ ํŒŒ์‹ฑ, ์ƒ์„ฑ, ๊ฒ€์ฆ
    • ํŠน์ง•: SPDX 3.0์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์ง€์› ์ œ๊ณต
  3. SPDX Online Tools
    • ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ: https://tools.spdx.org
    • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ: ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ
  4. FOSSology
    • GitHub: https://github.com/fossology/fossology
    • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ: ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ, SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ง€์›
  5. SPDX SBOM Generator

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑ, ํŒŒ์‹ฑ, ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŒŒ์ผ ํ˜•์‹ (JSON, YAML, RDF)

SPDX 3.0์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŒŒ์ผ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. JSON-LD

    • ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹

    • ์˜ˆ์‹œ:

      {
        "@context": "<https://spdx.org/spdx-3.0-context.jsonld>",
        "@type": "SpdxDocument",
        "name": "Example SPDX 3.0 Document",
        "elements": [
          {
            "@type": "Package",
            "name": "ExamplePackage",
            "version": "1.0.0"
          }
        ]
      }
      
  2. YAML

    • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ํ˜•์‹

    • ์˜ˆ์‹œ:

      ---
      $schema: <https://spdx.org/spdx-3.0-schema.json>
      spdxVersion: SPDX-3.0
      name: Example SPDX 3.0 Document
      elements:
        - type: Package
          name: ExamplePackage
          version: 1.0.0
      
  3. RDF

    • ์‹œ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์›น ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ์ ํ•ฉ

    • ์˜ˆ์‹œ:

      <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>"
               xmlns:spdx="<http://spdx.org/rdf/terms#>">
        <spdx:SpdxDocument>
          <spdx:name>Example SPDX 3.0 Document</spdx:name>
          <spdx:element>
            <spdx:Package>
              <spdx:name>ExamplePackage</spdx:name>
              <spdx:versionInfo>1.0.0</spdx:versionInfo>
            </spdx:Package>
          </spdx:element>
        </spdx:SpdxDocument>
      </rdf:RDF>
      

๊ฐ ํ˜•์‹์€ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กด SPDX 2.x์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ด๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

SPDX 2.x์—์„œ 3.0์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ด๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์ดํ•ด
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ˆ™์ง€
    • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•„๋“œ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์œ ํ˜• ํŒŒ์•…
  2. ๋„๊ตฌ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ
    • SPDX 3.0์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์‹  ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ
  3. ๋ฌธ์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜
    • SPDX Python ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ spdx_tools.spdx3.bump_from_spdx2.spdx_document ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
    • bump_spdx_document() ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด SPDX 2.x ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ 3.0์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜
  4. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•„๋“œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€
    • SPDX 3.0์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž…๋œ ํ•„๋“œ (์˜ˆ: AI/ML ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด) ์ถ”๊ฐ€
  5. ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์žฌ์ •์˜
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์žฌ์ •์˜
  6. ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ์ ์šฉ
    • ์ ์ ˆํ•œ SPDX 3.0 ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ์„ ํƒ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ
  7. ๊ฒ€์ฆ
    • SPDX 3.0 ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋œ ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ํ™•์ธ
  8. ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ
    • ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋œ SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ

๋งˆ์ด๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” SPDX ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค์™€ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ SPDX 3.0์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Citations:
[1] https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/spdx-3-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqVk-Sek8Pc
[3] https://github.com/spdx/Spdx-Java-Library
[4] https://spdx.github.io/spdx-spec/v3.0/annexes/diffs-from-previous-editions/
[5] https://github.com/spdx/spdx-3-model/releases
[6] https://spdx.dev/use/spdx-tools/
[7] https://github.com/spdx/tools-python/blob/main/README.md
[8] https://fossa.com/learn/spdx

6. SBOM๊ณผ SPDX 3.0

์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก(Software Bill of Materials, SBOM)์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๋ณด์•ˆ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SPDX 3.0์€ SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋”์šฑ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

  1. ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ
    • SPDX 3.0์€ CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ SBOM์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[6].
    • ์ด๋Š” “machine-speed” SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ฆ‰์‹œ SBOM์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ํฌ๋งท ์‚ฌ์šฉ
    • SPDX 3.0์€ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ SBOM ํฌ๋งท์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[6].
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ„ SBOM ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตํ™˜์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•ด์ง€๊ณ , ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ
    • ๊ฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ๋‹ค SBOM์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[6].
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํฌํ•จ
    • SPDX 3.0์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด, ํŒจ์น˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋“ฑ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ SBOM์— ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[6].
    • ์ด๋Š” ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SPDX 3.0์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ SBOM ๊ฐœ์„ 

  1. ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋งž๋Š” SBOM์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[1].
    • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ๋ณด์•ˆ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์— ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ SBOM์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ SBOM์— ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[1].
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•ˆ ํŒ€์€ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ฐ•ํ™”
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ SBOM์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[2].
    • ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ํŒ€์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. AI/ML ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ •๋ณด ํฌํ•จ
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ AI/ML ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ SBOM์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[2].
    • ์ด๋Š” AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

NTIA ์ตœ์†Œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ถฉ์กฑ

SPDX 3.0์€ NTIA(National Telecommunications and Information Administration)๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜ํ•œ SBOM ์ตœ์†Œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[4][5].

  1. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ•„๋“œ
    • SPDX 3.0์€ NTIA๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ•„๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
      • ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ์ด๋ฆ„
      • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ์ด๋ฆ„
      • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ๋ฒ„์ „
      • ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ณ ์œ  ์‹๋ณ„์ž
      • ์˜์กด์„ฑ ๊ด€๊ณ„
      • SBOM ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž
      • ํƒ€์ž„์Šคํƒฌํ”„
  2. ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ์šด์šฉ์„ฑ
    • SPDX 3.0์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํŒ๋… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•์‹(JSON-LD, YAML, RDF)์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์—ฌ NTIA์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[5].
  3. ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ
    • SPDX 3.0์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SPDX 3.0์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ SBOM ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทœ์ œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด, ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Citations:
[1] https://spdx.dev/capturing-software-vulnerability-data-in-spdx-3-0/
[2] https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/spdx-3-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases
[3] https://www.legitsecurity.com/blog/best-practices-for-managing-maintaining-sboms
[4] https://www.ntia.gov/report/2021/minimum-elements-software-bill-materials-sbom
[5] https://cybellum.com/blog/ntia-minimum-elements-for-a-software-bill-of-materials-sbom-a-guide/
[6] https://jfrog.com/devops-tools/article/best-practices-for-software-bill-of-materials-management/
[7] https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2022/10/25/the-ultimate-guide-to-sboms/
[8] https://scribesecurity.com/sbom/how-to-generate-an-sbom/

7. ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

SPDX 3.0์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ๋”์šฑ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

CVE ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ

CVE(Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. CVE ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

    • SPDX 3.0์€ ExternalReference ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ CVE ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

    • ์˜ˆ์‹œ:

      {
        "@type": "ExternalReference",
        "referenceType": "SecurityAdvisory",
        "referenceLocator": "CVE-2021-44228",
        "referenceCategory": "CVE"
      }
      
  2. CVE ์ƒ์„ธ ์ •๋ณด ํฌํ•จ

    • CVSS(Common Vulnerability Scoring System) ์ ์ˆ˜
    • ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋ฒ”์œ„
    • ํŒจ์น˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ํŒจ์น˜ ์ •๋ณด
  3. ์ž๋™ CVE ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ

    • SPDX 3.0 ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ NVD(National Vulnerability Database)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์†Œ์Šค์—์„œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ CVE ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. CVE ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ

    • SPDX 3.0์€ ํŠน์ • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ CVE ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ 

SPDX 3.0์€ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋ผ์ดํ”„์‚ฌ์ดํด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

    • ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๋‚ ์งœ, ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚ ์งœ, ํŒจ์น˜ ๋‚ ์งœ ๋“ฑ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ผ์ดํ”„์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

    • ์˜ˆ์‹œ:

      {
        "@type": "Vulnerability",
        "name": "CVE-2021-44228",
        "description": "Log4j RCE vulnerability",
        "discoveredDate": "2021-12-09",
        "publishedDate": "2021-12-10",
        "patchedDate": "2021-12-14"
      }
      
  2. ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€

    • CVSS ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

    • ์˜ˆ์‹œ:

      {
        "@type": "VulnerabilityAssessment",
        "vulnerability": "CVE-2021-44228",
        "cvssV3": {
          "baseScore": 10.0,
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        }
      }
      
  3. ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ

    • SPDX 3.0 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ, ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„, ํŒจ์น˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ ๋ถ„์„

    • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•ˆ ํŒ€์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ํ™œ์šฉ

SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

    • Vulnerability: ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํด๋ž˜์Šค
    • VulnerabilityAssessment: ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํด๋ž˜์Šค
    • SecurityAdvisory: ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํด๋ž˜์Šค
  2. ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

    {
      "@type": "SecurityProfile",
      "vulnerabilities": [
        {
          "@type": "Vulnerability",
          "name": "CVE-2021-44228",
          "description": "Log4j RCE vulnerability"
        }
      ],
      "assessments": [
        {
          "@type": "VulnerabilityAssessment",
          "vulnerability": "CVE-2021-44228",
          "cvssV3": {
            "baseScore": 10.0,
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"
          }
        }
      ],
      "advisories": [
        {
          "@type": "SecurityAdvisory",
          "title": "Update Log4j to version 2.15.0 or later",
          "description": "Upgrade Log4j to mitigate CVE-2021-44228"
        }
      ]
    }
    
  3. ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

    • ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์Šค์บ๋‹ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ
    • ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ณด๋“œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ
    • ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์‹œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ƒํƒœ ์ฆ๋ช… ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
  4. ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ์ถ”์ 

    • ์˜คํ”ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์ˆ˜, ํ‰๊ท  ํŒจ์น˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋น„์œจ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ์„ SPDX 3.0 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์กฐ์ง์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CVE ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ, ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํŒ€์ด ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํƒœ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

8. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค

SPDX 3.0์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฐ ์ƒ์šฉ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

  1. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์‹๋ณ„์ž

    • SPDX 3.0์€ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์‹๋ณ„์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜ˆ: “MIT”, “Apache-2.0”, “GPL-3.0-only”
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํฌํ•จ

    • ์ „์ฒด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

    • ์˜ˆ์‹œ:

      {
        "@type": "License",
        "licenseId": "MIT",
        "name": "MIT License",
        "text": "MIT License\\n\\nCopyright (c) [year] [fullname]\\n\\nPermission is hereby granted, ..."
      }
      
  3. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ •์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค

    • ํ‘œ์ค€ SPDX ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์—†๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ •์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ “LicenseRef-” ์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜ˆ: “LicenseRef-CompanyA-Proprietary”
  4. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ‘œํ˜„์‹

    • ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜ˆ: “(MIT OR Apache-2.0) AND CC-BY-4.0”
  5. ํŒŒ์ผ ๋ฐ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค

    • ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํŒŒ์ผ, ์Šค๋‹ˆํŽซ, ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

SPDX 3.0 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์ƒ์„ฑ
    • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์กด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ ๊ทœ์น™ ์ •์˜
    • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜ˆ: GPL-3.0์€ Apache-2.0๊ณผ ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, GPL-2.0์€ Apache-2.0๊ณผ ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์ž๋™ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ
    • ์ •์˜๋œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์ถฉ๋Œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์ œ์•ˆ
    • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜ˆ: ํŠน์ • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฒ„์ „ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜ˆ์™ธ ์š”์ฒญ ๋“ฑ
  5. ๋™์  ๋ถ„์„
    • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋นŒ๋“œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ

SPDX 3.0 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ
    • ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ๋ชฉ๋ก
    • ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด
    • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ ์š”์•ฝ
    • ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฐ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ
    • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๊ณ ์ง€ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ
  2. ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ถ”์ 
    • ๊ฐ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ–‰ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜ˆ: ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด, ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๊ณ ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌด, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํฌํ•จ ์˜๋ฌด ๋“ฑ
  3. ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€
    • ๊ฐ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฐ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ
    • ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ฒ€ํ†  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋นŒ๋“œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ
    • ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž(๋ฒ•๋ฌดํŒ€, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํŒ€, ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜ˆ: ๋ฒ•๋ฌดํŒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ, ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๋“ฑ
  6. ์ด๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
    • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

9. SPDX 3.0 ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€

SPDX 3.0์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๋ณด์•ˆ

  1. ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์‹๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • CVE ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด
    • SPDX 3.0์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋Š” ์•…์„ฑ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์‚ฝ์ž…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋นŒ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ณด์•ˆ
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋นŒ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋นŒ๋“œ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋นŒ๋“œ ๋„๊ตฌ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋นŒ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํŒจ์น˜ ์ ์šฉ
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒจ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

  1. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ์ถ”์ 
    • SPDX 3.0์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋‚ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜์™€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์™€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์ฑ… ์‹œํ–‰
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šน์ธ๋œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ํšจ์œจํ™”
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ํ˜•์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜

  1. SBOM ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ถฉ์กฑ
    • SPDX 3.0์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ–‰์ •๋ช…๋ น 14028 ๋ฐ EU์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ ๋ฒ•(Cyber Resilience Act) ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋Œ€์‘
    • ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ, ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ SPDX 3.0์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ GDPR, CCPA ๋“ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ง€์›
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. AI ๊ทœ์ œ ๋Œ€์‘
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ AI/ML ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ–ฅํ›„ AI ๊ทœ์ œ์— ์„ ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SPDX 3.0์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๋ณด์•ˆ, ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Citations:
[1] https://linuxsecurity.com/news/organizations-events/spdx-3-0
[2] https://spdx.dev/spdx-announces-3-0-release-candidate-with-new-use-cases/
[3] https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/spdx-3-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases
[4] https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/spdx-3-0-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases-302118321.html
[5] https://spdx.dev/leveraging-profiles-for-license-compliance-insights-from-spdx-mini-summit/
[6] https://www.synopsys.com/blogs/software-security/sboms-and-spdx.html
[7] https://spdx.dev/understanding-spdx-profiles/

10. SPDX 3.0 ๋„์ž… ์ „๋žต

SPDX 3.0์„ ์กฐ์ง์— ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ SPDX 3.0 ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ณ„ํš

  1. ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ถ„์„
    • ํ˜„์žฌ SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ํ‰๊ฐ€
    • ๊ธฐ์กด ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๋ถ„์„
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์  ์‹๋ณ„
  2. ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์„ ์ •
    • ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์„ ํƒ
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ํŠน์ • ํ”„๋กœํ•„(์˜ˆ: ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค) ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉ
  3. ๋„๊ตฌ ์„ ํƒ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ
    • SPDX 3.0 ์ง€์› ๋„๊ตฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (์˜ˆ: SPDX ๋„๊ตฌ, FOSSology)
    • ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ
  4. ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์ •์˜
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ, ๊ฒ€์ฆ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์„ค๊ณ„
    • ์ฑ…์ž„์ž ๋ฐ ์—ญํ•  ์ •์˜
  5. ํ™•์žฅ ๊ณ„ํš
    • ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ์  ์‹๋ณ„
    • ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์„œ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉ
  6. ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™”
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋„์ž… ํšจ๊ณผ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ KPI ์„ค์ •
    • ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ 

์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์ธ์‹ ์ œ๊ณ 

  1. ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„ ์ง€์› ํ™•๋ณด
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋„์ž…์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ œ์‹œ
    • ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ธก๋ฉด ๊ฐ•์กฐ
  2. ๋ถ€์„œ๋ณ„ ๋งž์ถค ๊ต์œก
    • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํŒ€: SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
    • ๋ฒ•๋ฌดํŒ€: ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ
    • ๋ณด์•ˆํŒ€: ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฒ•
  3. ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ๋ฐ ํ•ธ์ฆˆ์˜จ ์„ธ์…˜
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋„๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ• ์‹ค์Šต
    • ์‹ค์ œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— SPDX 3.0 ์ ์šฉ ์—ฐ์Šต
  4. ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜
    • SPDX 3.0 ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ ๋ฐœํ–‰
    • ์ธํŠธ๋ผ๋„ท์— SPDX 3.0 ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ•
  5. ์„ฑ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๊ณต์œ 
    • ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ตํ›ˆ ๊ณต์œ 
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„  ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๊ฐ•์กฐ

์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒ

  1. ์ ์ง„์  ์ ‘๊ทผ
    • ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ , ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…
    • ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ์  ํŒŒ์•…
  2. ํฌ๋กœ์Šค ํŽ‘์…”๋„ ํŒ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ
    • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋ฒ•๋ฌด, ๋ณด์•ˆ, ์šด์˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํŒ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ
    • ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์ด์Šˆ ๋…ผ์˜
  3. ์ž๋™ํ™” ๊ฐ•์กฐ
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์ž๋™ํ™”
    • CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์— SPDX 3.0 ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ
  4. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ
    • ํ•„์š”์‹œ SPDX ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ์—…์ฒด์˜ ๋„์›€ ์š”์ฒญ
    • ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํ‚น
  5. ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
    • ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ์— ๋งž๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ•„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘
  6. ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฐ•์กฐ
    • SPDX ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ถŒ์žฅ
    • ๊ด€๋ จ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ๋ฐ ์›จ๋น„๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์„ ์ง€์›
  7. ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ 
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋„์ž… ์ „ํ›„์˜ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๋น„๊ต (์˜ˆ: ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋Œ€์‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ๋„)
    • ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ROI ๋ณด๊ณ 
  8. ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
    • SPDX 3.0์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—…๋ฌด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„
    • ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ

SPDX 3.0์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋„์ž…์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ตฌํ˜„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์กฐ์ง ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš, ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด SPDX 3.0์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[1][2].

Citations:
[1] https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/spdx-3-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases
[2] https://spdx.dev/unpacking-the-spdx-3-0-tooling-mini-summit-a-new-era-of-compliance-and-security/
[3] https://spdx.dev/spdx-announces-3-0-release-candidate-with-new-use-cases/
[4] https://openchainproject.org/news/2023/03/31/webinar-50
[5] https://nand-research.com/quick-take-spdx-3-0-release/
[6] https://linuxsecurity.com/news/organizations-events/spdx-3-0
[7] https://spdx.dev/leveraging-profiles-for-license-compliance-insights-from-spdx-mini-summit/

11. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ „๋ง ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ

SPDX 3.0์˜ ์ถœ์‹œ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„น์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” SPDX์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SPDX ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ

  1. ์˜คํ”ˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ
    • SPDX๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[1].
    • ๊ฐœ์ธ, ๊ธฐ์—…, ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด SPDX์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
    • ๋ฉ”์ผ๋ง ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ตฌ๋…: ์ผ๋ฐ˜ SPDX ๋ฉ”์ผ๋ง ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์‹  ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[1].
    • ์ •๊ธฐ ํšŒ์˜ ์ฐธ์„: ์›”๊ฐ„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[1].
    • ์ž‘์—… ๊ทธ๋ฃน ํ™œ๋™: ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ์•„์›ƒ๋ฆฌ์น˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋„๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ
    • SPDX ๋„๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, Google Summer of Code ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด SPDX ๊ด€๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[7].

ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„  ์‚ฌํ•ญ

  1. AI/ML ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”
    • AI ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ์ถœ์ฒ˜ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋ฐœ์ „๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[4].
    • AI ์œค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ™•์žฅ
    • ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์ •๋ณด์™€ SBOM์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ์ธํ…”๋ฆฌ์ „์Šค์™€์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋ฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ฐœ์„ 
    • CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ž๋™ SBOM ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ •๊ตํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๊ฐœ์„ 
    • ๋” ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋น„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ SPDX ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋™ํ–ฅ

  1. ISO ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”
    • SPDX๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ISO/IEC 5962:2021 ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3.0 ๋ฒ„์ „๋„ ISO์— ์ œ์ถœ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[5].
    • ์ด๋Š” SPDX์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ฑ„ํƒ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋Œ€์‘
    • ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ–‰์ •๋ช…๋ น 14028๊ณผ EU์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ ๋ฒ•(Cyber Resiliency Act) ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[6].
  3. ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”
    • ์ž๋™์ฐจ, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ SPDX๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”
    • SPDX ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์žฌ๋‹จ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๋ณด์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋”์šฑ ํ†ต์ผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SPDX 3.0์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์ •ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด SPDX๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ณผ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Citations: [1] https://spdx.dev/engage/participate/
[2] https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/spdx-becomes-new-standard-for-open-source-software-security-87265.html
[3] https://spdx.dev/engage/join/
[4] https://sbomify.com/2024/04/28/exploring-the-new-spdx-3-0-a-game-changer-for-sboms/
[5] https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/spdx-3-0-revolutionizes-software-management-in-systems-with-enhanced-functionality-and-streamlined-use-cases-302118321.html
[6] https://spdx.dev/spdx-announces-3-0-release-candidate-with-new-use-cases/
[7] https://wiki.spdx.org/view/GSOC/GSOC_ProjectIdeas
[8] https://linuxsecurity.com/news/organizations-events/spdx-3-0

12. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ SPDX 3.0 ํ™œ์šฉ ์ „๋žต

SPDX 3.0์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ SPDX 3.0์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. ์ „๋žต์  ๋„์ž…
    • SPDX 3.0์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ „๋žต์  ์ž์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ SPDX 3.0์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์ž๋™ํ™” ์šฐ์„ 
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • CI/CD ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์— SPDX 3.0 ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•ํ™”
    • SPDX 3.0์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ SPDX 3.0 ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ง€์›
    • SPDX 3.0 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ฑ„ํƒ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. ํ˜‘์—… ์ด‰์ง„
    • SPDX 3.0์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํŒ€, ๋ฒ•๋ฌดํŒ€, ๋ณด์•ˆํŒ€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘์—…์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ํ˜•์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€์˜ ์ •๋ณด ๊ตํ™˜์„ ์›ํ™œํžˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  6. ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”
    • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” SPDX 3.0์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด ๊ต์œก์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • SPDX ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ ๊ทน ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์‹  ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ฒ” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  7. ๊ทœ์ œ ๋Œ€์‘ ์ค€๋น„
    • SPDX 3.0์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ SBOM ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์„ ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  8. ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ
    • SPDX 3.0์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ํ™œ๋™์„ SPDX 3.0์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ‰ํŒ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  9. ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์„ 
    • SPDX 3.0 ํ™œ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœํ•„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์— ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  10. ํ˜์‹  ์ฃผ๋„
    • SPDX 3.0์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—…๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ ๋„์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, SPDX 3.0์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋žต์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด SPDX 3.0์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์กฐ์ง์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ธ€์€ Perplexity (https://www.perplexity.ai/)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SKT๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ Perplexicy Pro๋ฅผ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.: https://perplexity.sktadotevent.com/

image.png

ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ฒ•์›, ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ Orange์—๊ฒŒ GPL ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ ํŒ๊ฒฐ

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ฒ•์›์ด GPL ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ์ธ Orange์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์„ ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์ด ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ์ธ Orange๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ์— ๋ชธ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ…)
  • ๋‘˜์งธ, GPL ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์†Œ์†ก์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž„๋ฒ ๋””๋“œ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” B2B ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์›น์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ค€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ค€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์™„ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ฃผ์‹  SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฒ ์›… ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

GPL์ด๋ž€?

GNU General Public License์˜ ์•ฝ์ž๋กœ, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ GPL์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ “๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ๋„ GPL์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผ"ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ Copyleft ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์›๊ณ : ์—”ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋ฒ ๋ฅด (Entrโ€™Ouvert)

2002๋…„ 9์›”์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ ์—”ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋Š” Lasso๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ C ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Lasso๋Š” Liberty Alliance์˜ SAML ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์ฆ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

lasso

Lasso๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค : GPL-2.0 + OpenSSL exception (์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ํ•„์š”)
  • ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค (์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ•„์š”)

We strongly recommend the use of theย GNU General Public License each time it is possible. But for proprietary projects, that wouldn’t want to use it, we designed aย commercial license.

https://lasso.entrouvert.org/

ํ”ผ๊ณ : Orange

ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ์ธ Orange๋Š” 2005๋…„, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ „์ž ํ–‰์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ฒญ(ADAE, ํ˜„์žฌ DGME)๊ณผ “My Public Service” ํฌํ„ธ(ํ˜„์žฌ https://www.service-public.fr/)์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

orange

๋‹น์‹œ ์ด ํฌํ„ธ์€ ID ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด SAML ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Orange๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Lasso๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, GPL-2.0 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, Orange๋Š” Lasso ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜์™€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—”ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  2011๋…„ Orange์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŒ๊ฒฐ

์†Œ์†ก์€ 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด 2024๋…„ 2์›” 14์ผ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ•ญ์†Œ ๋ฒ•์›์€ GNU GPL v2 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ Orange์—๊ฒŒ ์—”ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์— ์ด 650,000์œ ๋กœ(ํ•œํ™” ์•ฝ 9์–ต4์ฒœ๋งŒ์›)๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Orange๋Š” ์—”ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 500,000์œ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„๋•์  ํ”ผํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 150,000์œ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒ•์›์€ “Orange๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—”ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์—๊ฒŒ ๋กœ์—ดํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.“๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฒ•์›์€ Orange๊ฐ€ Lasso ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ 7๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋œ ์ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณต๊ณต ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 

  1. 5G์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋น„ํ†ต์‹  ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์†ก์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AI, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ, IoT, ๋กœ๋ณดํ‹ฑ์Šค, ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด, UAM ๋“ฑ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , B2B ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต๋žตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  2. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋‚˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ๋ฌด๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค, ์•ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, B2B ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์›น์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์— ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

References

์ด ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ณธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ €์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์€ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜น์‹œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”~ (haksung@sk.com)

๋ฐ”๋กœ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ^^

2023

์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„ ์ค€๋น„ checklist

OpenChain Korea Workgroup ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„ ์ค€๋น„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๋‚œ 3์›” 28์ผ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ 3๋…„ ๋งŒ์— COVID๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋žœ๋งŒ์— ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ์†Œ ์ œ๊ณต์— ๋งŽ์€ ์žก๋‹คํ•œ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ์— ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ…๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„ ์ค€๋น„ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชจ์ž„ ์ฃผ์ตœ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”..?์•—, ๋ง์กฐ์‹ฌ!)

๋ชจ์ž„์˜ ์ค€๋น„

๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์„ ์ž‘์—… ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Planning Sub-group์—์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ž‘์—…๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋ชจ์ž„์˜ ์ผ์‹œ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ
  • ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž ๋ชจ์ง‘
  • ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ฒญ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ - ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์ถ”์ฒœ(์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ• ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š , ์ถœ์ž… ๋“ฑ๋ก์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘)
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ ์ถœ์ž… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ํ™•์ธ, ํ•„์š”์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋“ฑ๋ก
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ ์ฃผ์ฐจ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ํ™•์ธ
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์‹œ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์†Œ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ํ™•์ธ
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌด์„  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ™•์ธ
  • ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ๋ช…์ฐฐ ์ œ์ž‘(์ด๋ฆ„, ์†Œ์†์„ ์„œ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ)
  • ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ๋‚ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์ œ์ž‘
  • ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์ผ ๋ฐœ์†ก
  • ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™•์ธ ๋ฐ ์„ธํŒ… ๋ฌผํ’ˆ ํ™•์ธ (์ฑ…์ƒ, ์˜์ž, ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ, ์Œํ–ฅ, ๋น”ํ”„๋กœ์ ํ„ฐ, ๋ ˆ์ด์ €ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ)
  • ๋‹ค๊ณผ, ๊ตฟ์ฆˆ ๋“ฑ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ค€๋น„

๋ชจ์ž„ ๋‹น์ผ

๋ชจ์ž„ ๋‹น์ผ, ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „์— ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ž‘์—… ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ฌธ ์„ค์น˜(์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž„์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์šฉ)
  • ๋งˆ์ดํฌ, ์Œํ–ฅ, ๋น”ํ”„๋กœ์ ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•/์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํ™•์ธ
  • ๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ ์ค€๋น„
  • ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์„ธํŒ…, ํ•„์š”์‹œ ์˜์ž ์ถ”๊ฐ€
  • ์™€์ดํŒŒ์ด ์•ˆ๋‚ด (ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ๋ฌผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์„ธํŒ…)
  • ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ๋ช…์ฐฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„(์ฑ…์ƒ) ๋งˆ๋ จ
  • ํ•„์š”์‹œ ๋‹ค๊ณผ ์ค€๋น„
  • ํ•„์š”์‹œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์†Œ๊ฐœ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋น„์น˜
  • ์ž…์‹ค ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ๋‚ด

ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์ดํ›„

ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์ดํ›„์— ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ž‘์—… ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ํ‡ด์‹ค ์•ˆ๋‚ด(์ถœ์ž…์ฆ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉ, ์ฃผ์ฐจ ์ •์‚ฐ)
  • ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ฌธ ์ฒ ๊ฑฐ
  • ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ˆ

์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—… ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๋ถ€๋”” ์ดํ›„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ค€๋น„์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์ดํ›„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ (2) OpenChain Korea Work Group

์ด์ „ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ OpenChain Project๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜‘์—… ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์ธ OpenChain Korea Work Group์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OpenChain Korea Work Group

OpenChain Korea Work Group(KWG)์€ Linux Foundation์˜ OpenChain Project์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์‹ ์ธ ํ˜‘์—…๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. KWG์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ICT ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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OpenChain KWG ์ •๊ธฐ ๋ฏธํŒ…

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋„, ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋‚˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์žก์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๋งค์ถœ์— ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ Best Practice๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ํˆฌ์ž…์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ, LG์ „์ž, SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค, ์นด์นด์˜ค, ํ˜„๋Œ€์ž๋™์ฐจ, ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ „์ž์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ OpenChain KWG ๋ชจ์ž„์ด 2019๋…„ 1์›”์— ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

17์ฐจ ๋ฏธํŒ… (์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ)

๋ชจ์ž„์€ ๋งค ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์ง€๋‚œ 2023๋…„ 3์›” 28์ผ์—๋Š” 3๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 19๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…/๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ 50์—ฌ ๋ช…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„์€ ๋ผ์ธํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—์„œ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์พŒ์ ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์Œ๋ฃŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋…ํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  ๋ผ์ธํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ € ์ด์„œ์—ฐ, ๊น€๋™ํ˜ ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ^^

featured_kwg

์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ชจ์ž„์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” OpenChain Project์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ตœ์‹  ๋™ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ณด์ฆ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, AI ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์ด์Šˆ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์…˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฐœ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1๋ถ€ : ์„ธ์…˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ

OpenChain Global Updat (Linux Foundation, Shane Coughlan)

Linux Foundation์˜ OpenChain Project General Manager Shane Coughlan์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์—ฌ OpenChain Project์˜ Global Trend๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€์ธ ISO/IEC 5230๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€์ธ ISO/IEC 18974๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์€ ๊ณง ๊ณต์‹ ISO ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  Self-Checklist๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Shane์€ KWG ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ’ˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ ํฐ ํ˜ธ์‘์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (Thank you, Shane ๐Ÿ˜Šย )

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OpenChain ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์†Œ๊ฐœ (SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค, ์žฅํ•™์„ฑ)

ISO/IEC 5230์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์€ 2020๋…„์— ISO์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. OpenChain Project์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€, ISO/IEC 18974, OpenChain security assurance specification์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์ด ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ‘œ์ค€์€ ISO/IEC 5230๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํฌ๋งท์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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ETRI์˜ ๋ฐ•์ •์ˆ™ ๋‹˜์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ Stable Diffusion ๊ด€๋ จ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ AI ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๋ฐ•์ •์ˆ™๋‹˜์€ AI ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ์ • ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ AI ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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2๋ถ€ : Mini Summit - ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋„๊ตฌ

2๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ Best Practice๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์…˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋„๊ตฌ ๋ณ„ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์‹ (์นด์นด์˜ค, ์ž„ํ˜„์ง€)

์นด์นด์˜ค ์ž„ํ˜„์ง€๋‹˜์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ถ„์„ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ถ„์„ ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ FOSSA, FOSSLight, ORT (OSS Review Toolkit), OLIVE Platform ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์†Œ๋ฆฌ OSORI (LG์ „์ž, ๊น€์†Œ์ž„)

LG์ „์ž ๊น€์†Œ์ž„๋‹˜์€ OSORI ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์…˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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OSORI๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. LG์ „์ž, ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ „์ž, ์นด์นด์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •๋ณด, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐ ์ œ์•ฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Šคํ‚ค๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ •์ œ, ์šด์˜ Policy ์ •๋ฆฝ, ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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FOSSLight Roadmap (LG์ „์ž, ๊น€๊ฒฝ์• )

FOSSLight๋Š” LG์ „์ž์—์„œ ์ž์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก 2021๋…„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. LG์ „์ž์˜ ๊น€๊ฒฝ์•  ๋‹˜์€ 2023๋…„ FOSSLight Roadmap์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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FOSSLight Project๋Š” 2023๋…„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , SBOM ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”, UX๊ฐœ์„  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์š”์ฆ˜ OLIVE ์จ๋ดค๋‹ˆ? (์นด์นด์˜ค, ํ™ฉ์€๊ฒฝ)

OLIVE Platform์€ ์นด์นด์˜ค์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ด๋ฉฐ, ์นด์นด์˜ค ๊ณ„์ • ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ GitHub, Google, Facebook ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณ„์ •๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์นด์นด์˜ค์˜ ํ™ฉ์€๊ฒฝ ๋‹˜์€ OLIVE Platform์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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OLIVE Platform์€ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์•ˆ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” OLIVE CLI ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ๋ณด์•ˆ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ถŒ์—์„œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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onot, ์ด์ œ ์ œ๋ฒ• ์“ธ๋งŒํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”! (์นด์นด์˜ค, ํ•œํ˜„๋ฏผ)

onot์€ SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค๊ณผ ์นด์นด์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SPDX ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ SBOM์„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นด์นด์˜ค์˜ ํ•œํ˜„๋ฏผ ๋‹˜์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ onot์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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onot์€ Package ์ •๋ณด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ File ์ •๋ณด๋„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , Multi License ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. RDF/xml ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ SPDX ๋ฌธ์„œ๋„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฌธ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ Windows PC์—์„œ์˜ GUI์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๊ธ€์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉฐ

3๋…„์—ฌ๋งŒ์— ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„์€ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„์‰ฌ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์•Œ์ฐผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ’ˆ, ์ถ”์ฒจ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์ค€ ๋ผ์ธํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ด์„œ์—ฐ ๋‹˜, ๊น€๋™ํ˜ ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—…๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. OpenChain Korea Work Group์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. OpenChain Korea Work Group์€ ๊ธฐ์—…/๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : ๊ฐ€์ž… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋์œผ๋กœ, OpenChain KWG๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ •๊ธฐ ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชจ์ž„์€ ์นด์นด์˜ค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜์„ธ์š”! ๐Ÿ˜ƒ

๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ (1) ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ OpenChain Project

๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ 93% ์ด์ƒ์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ 53%๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , 81%๋Š” ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ Software Supply Chain์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค์™€ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”, Linux Foundation์˜ OpenChain Project๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ํ˜‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ Project์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2023๋…„ 3์›” 27์ผ, OpenChain Project์˜ General Manager์ธ Shane Coughlan์ด SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ OpenChain Project์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ™œ๋™, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋™ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค OSRB์™€ SK๊ทธ๋ฃน ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ˜‘์˜์ฒด ๋ฉค๋ฒ„(SKํ”Œ๋ž˜๋‹›, SK์‰ด๋”์Šค, SK(์ฃผ), Supex์ถ”๊ตฌํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ ๋“ฑ)๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,

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์ด๋‚  Shane์€ OpenChain Project์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Software Supply Chain์—์„œ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OpenChain Project Global Community

Software Supply Chain ์ด์Šˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด OpenChain Project๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : https://www.openchainproject.org/community

Platinum Members

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Community Structure

OpenChain Project์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ Work Group์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ Work Group์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„๋กœ Work Group์ด ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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OpenChain Standard

ISO/IEC 5230:2020, ISO/IEC 18974

๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2020๋…„ 12์›”, ISO/IEC 5230์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ISO/IEC 18974๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ณด์ฆ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ, 2023๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ISO ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋“ค ํ‘œ์ค€์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ Software Supply Chain ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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Self-Certification

OpenChain Project์—์„œ๋Š” Self-Certification์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Checklist๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๊ธฐ์—…์€ Checklist ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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Adoption of OpenChain ISO/IEC 5230:2020

Checklist์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ISO/IEC 5230 ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์–ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ISO/IEC 5230์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. LG์ „์ž, ์นด์นด์˜ค, ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ „์ž, ๋„ค์ด๋ฒ„, SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค, NCSOFT, ํ˜„๋Œ€์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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Other Interesting Items

Online Webinar

OpenChain Project์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์›จ๋น„๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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Training Courses

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ Free Training Course๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ Badge๋„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Training Course๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์†Œ์† ์ง์› ํ˜น์€ Supplier์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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Update on China and Japan

China

์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ OpenChain Project์™€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ CAICT์™€ CESI์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ๋„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OpenChain China Work Group์—๋Š” Huawie, Honor ๋ฐ OPPO์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ฝ 250๋ช…์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2023๋…„ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งค ๋ถ„๊ธฐ OpenChain๊ณผ CAICT๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, OIN๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” Asian Legal Network (ALN)๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Japan

OpenChain Japan Work Group์€ ์•ฝ 190๋ช…์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Fujitsu, Hitachi, NEC, Panasonic, Sony, Toshiba ๋ฐ Toyota๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฉ์›”๋กœ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

TODO Group๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค OSPO ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Korea market - challenge and opportunities

Current situation

OpenChain Korea Work Group์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์—ด์ • ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ์ด์–ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ Work Group์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค, LG์ „์ž, ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ „์ž, ํ˜„๋Œ€์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, NIPA์—์„œ๋„ ํ›„์› ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, OpenChain Board์— ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ์•„์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Opportunities

OpenChain Korea Work Group์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋ฏธํŒ…๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง€์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…์— OpenChain ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋์œผ๋กœ, OpenChain Board์— ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, OpenChain Project์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ , ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ Supply Chain์—์„œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธ€์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉฐ

OpenChain Project๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜์—ญ๋„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ํ˜‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ practice๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ทจ์ง€์— ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด OpenChain Korea Work Group์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. OpenChain Korea Work Group์—๋Š” 100๋ช…์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฉ”์ผ๋ง๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นจ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ 3๋…„๋งŒ์— ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด 3์›” 28์ผ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Shane๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฏธํŒ… ์„ธ์…˜ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค Tech HRํŒ€์˜ ํ›„์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ƒ๊ธฐ๋‹˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค~ ^^ )

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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Anaconda ๊ผญ ์‚ฌ์„œ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด conda-forge!

Anaconda๋ฅผ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 200์ธ ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ Anaconda๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

Python ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ Anaconda ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? Python์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ•™์Šต, ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์ž‘์—… ๋“ฑ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ Python ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด package ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Anaconda๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ„์ „ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์šด๋ฐ›์•„ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

https://www.anaconda.com/

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ Anaconda๋Š” ์‚ฌ์„œ ์“ฐ์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2020๋…„ 9์›”, Anaconda์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์•ฝ๊ด€(Terms of Service)๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ 200๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ง์›์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์ด Anaconda Repository๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, 200๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด Anaconda ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ Pro ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

https://www.anaconda.com/pricing

์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ Anaconda ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Anaconda ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ Anaconda Distribution์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

https://www.anaconda.com/products/distribution

์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด conda package manager์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด Python ๋ฐ 150์—ฌ๊ฐœ์˜ package๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Anaconda์‚ฌ๋Š” Anaconda Repository๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ 8์ฒœ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค package๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” conda install PACKAGENAME ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋“ค package๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜/๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

https://repo.anaconda.com/

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด Anaconda Repository์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์•ฝ๊ด€์ด 2020๋…„ 9์›”์— ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , commercial activity ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” Anaconda Repository์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ Anaconda Distribution์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์šด๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ Anconda Repository๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, 200๋ช… ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด โ€˜์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒโ€™ Anaconda์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์•ฝ๊ด€์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ผญ Anaconda Pro ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, Miniconda๋Š” Anaconda์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ conda package manager์™€ Python ๋ฐ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ dependency๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์ธ๋ฐ์š”, Miniconda๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ Anaconda Repository์— Accessํ•˜์—ฌ package๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด ๋ฐ›์•„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, Anaconda์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, 200์ธ ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ Anaconda Distribution์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ง‰ํžˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, Anaconda์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ 200์ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฌผ๋ก  ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ํ†ต์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์•„์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ^^)

๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ‘conda-forge’

Anaconda์‚ฌ๋Š” conda๋ผ๋Š” package manager๋ฅผ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. conda ์ž์ฒด๋Š” BSD-3-Clause ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์—ฌ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

https://github.com/conda/conda

conda๋Š” package ์„ค์น˜/๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค์น˜ํ•  package๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”, ์ด๋ฅผ channel์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์นญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ channel์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ Anaconda Repository์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, commuinity ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ repository๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ conda-forge์ธ๋ฐ์š”,

https://conda-forge.org/

conda๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  channel์— conda-forge๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

conda config --add channels conda-forge
conda config --set channel_priority strict

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด Anaconda Repository๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ„์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์•ฝ๊ด€์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  conda๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Anaconda์‚ฌ์˜ CEO์ธ Peter Wang์€ Miniconda๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ conda config๋ฅผ conda-forge๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐํžŒ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/iqsk3y/comment/g4xuabr/

Anaconda Repository๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” defaults channel์„ ์•„์˜ˆ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ Anaconda Repository ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

conda config --remove channels defaults

์›ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ channel์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

### ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์ „
% conda config --show channels
channels:
  - defaults

### ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ›„
% conda config --show channels
channels:
  - conda-forge

Miniforge๋Š” ์„ค์น˜ ์‹œ channel์— conda-forge๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ Miniforge๋Š” conda ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ์˜ installer๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์„ค์น˜ ์‹œ channel์— conda-forge๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Miniforge๋Š” Apple M1์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ CPU ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, Anaconda ๋Œ€์‹  Miniforge๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์—†์ด conda package manager๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ ์€ conda-forge ์šด์˜์—๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ… ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ Anaconda์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Anaconda์‚ฌ๋Š” conda-forge๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„ Anaconda Repository์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์•ฝ๊ด€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์  Anaconda Pro๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋งค ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ด์Šˆ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Miniconda + conda-forge ์กฐํ•ฉ, ํ˜น์€ Miniforge๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ™‚

ํ˜น์‹œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ^^

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2022

Akka๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Apache-2.0์ด์—ˆ๋˜ Akka์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ 2.7 ๋ฒ„์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” Business Source License๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ Apache-2.0์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์˜ค๋˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ Lightbend์‚ฌ๋„ 2022๋…„ 9์›”, Akka์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ BUSL-1.1 (Business Source License)๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Business Source License๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, Lightbend๊ฐ€ Akka์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ BSL๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Akka๋ž€?

Akka๋Š” JVM์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ thread๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ Actor Model์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํˆดํ‚ท์œผ๋กœ live chatting ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์—”๋“œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ Ligntbend ์‚ฌ๋Š” 2022๋…„ 9์›” Akka์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค(Apache-2.0)์ด์—ˆ๋˜ Akka๊ฐ€ v2.7 ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
  • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” BUSL-1.1 (Business Source License)์ด๋‹ค.
  • ์ƒ์—…์  ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ƒ์—…์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Lightbend๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹ญ์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ Apache-2.0์œผ๋กœ Akka ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Over the years, Lightbend has steadily borne more of the support for Akka. With Akka now considered critical infrastructure for many large organizations, the Apache 2.0 model becomes increasingly risky when a small company solely carries the maintenance effort. Balancing the global demands of our corporate community while supporting these needs of a vast open source base is a tremendous weight to bear.

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ Lightbend๋„ Apache-2.0 ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , BUSL-1.1์ด๋ž€ “Source Available” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์—… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” 2018๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MongoDB์˜ SSPL์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๋ฉฐ, Elasticsearch๋Š” Elastic License๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ด์ „ ๊ธ€, ‘Elastic License 2.0 (๋ถ€์ œ: ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค)‘์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Lightbend๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

BUSL-1.1์€ Akka ์ด์ „์—๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Business Source License

BUSL-1.1์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ๊นŒ์š”?

non-production use์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์—ฌ

BUSL-1-1์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ non-production use์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณต์‚ฌ, ์ˆ˜์ •, ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

The Licensor hereby grants you the right to copy, modify, create derivative works, redistribute, and make non-production use of the Licensed Work.

non-production use์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, Licensor์—๊ฒŒ commercial license๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

If your use of the Licensed Work does not comply with the requirements currently in effect as described in this License, you must purchase a commercial license from the Licensor, …

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, BUSL-1.1์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ Akka ๋ฒ„์ „ (v2.7 ์ดํ›„)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ Akka๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, Lightbend์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Change Date, Change License

BUSL-1.1 ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ง•์€ Change Date์™€ Change License์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BUSL-1.1์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋œ ์ดํ›„ Change Date๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด Change License๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋” ์ด์ƒ BUSL-1.1์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Effective on the Change Date, or the fourth anniversary of the first publicly available distribution of a specific version of the Licensed Work under this License, whichever comes first, the Licensor hereby grants you rights under the terms of the Change License, and the rights granted in the paragraph above terminate.

Akka์˜ BUSL-1.1์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Change Date๋Š” ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ํ›„ 3๋…„์ด๋ฉฐ, Change License๋Š” Apache-2.0์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, Akka 2.8์ด 2023๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ์— ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, 3๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„, 2026๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” Apache-2.0์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BUSL-1.1์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Change License ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์€ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ Heavy user์ธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์—๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Additional Use Grant

BUSL-1.1์€ Licensor๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์— ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” Additioanl Use Grant ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

The Licensor may make an Additional Use Grant, above, permitting limited production use.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, Licensor๋Š” ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, Lightbend๋Š” Play Framework๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ application์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ akka๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” akka๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Additional Use Grant: If you develop an application using a version of Play Framework that utilizes binary versions of akka-streams and its dependencies, you may use such binary versions of akka-streams and its dependencies in the development of your application only as they are incorporated into Play Framework and solely to implement the functionality provided by Play Framework; provided that, they are only used in the following way: Connecting to a Play Framework websocket and/or Play Framework request/response bodies for server and play-ws client.

Akka์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค FAQ

Lightbend๋Š” Akka์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ FAQ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋งŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—… ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต

๋จผ์ € Akka์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋งค์ถœ์ด 2,500๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—… ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ „ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ Akka๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜?

์ด์ „ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด Apache-2.0์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๊ฐœ์„  ์‚ฌํ•ญ, non-critical security updates, non-critical bug fix๋Š” ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2.6.x ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ 1๋…„๊ฐ„, ์ฆ‰ 2023๋…„ 9์›”๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ Apache-2.0์œผ๋กœ critical security updates์™€ critical bug fix๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Production์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋‚˜ Staging์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?

Production์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—†๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?

non-production use๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ production์— Akka๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์—์„œ๋„ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Government departments using Akka in production will require a commercial license.

BUSL-1.1์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ Apache-2.0์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ older version์— backportํ•ด๋„ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?

์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ด๋Š” Lightbend์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ Apache-2.0์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

No. In this circumstance, you would either violate Lightbendโ€™s copyright by re-releasing the code under Open Source, or you would violate the earlier Akka versionโ€™s Apache license by introducing incompatible BSL code (i.e., code subject to a use limitation not allowed by the Open Source Apache 2.0 license).

๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉฐ

๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ์—ญํ• ์€ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณ ์ง€, ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ํ™œ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ BUSL-1.1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ์šฉ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ/์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์†์‹ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ SBOM(Software Bill of Materials) ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด๋ฒˆ Akka์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด ์–ด๋Š ์ œํ’ˆ/์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜น์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— Akka๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ ๋ฒ„์ „์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜ (older version ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ตฌ๋งค)๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SFC vs. Vizio ํŒ๊ฒฐ ๊ฒ‰ํ•ฅ๊ธฐ

SFC์™€ Vizio์˜ GPL ์†Œ์†ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์Ÿ์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์žฅํ•™์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SFC(Software Freedom Conservancy)๊ฐ€ GPL ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ TV ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ธ Vizio์— ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์ง€๋‚œ 2022๋…„ 5์›” 13์ผ, ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ• ๊ฒ‰ํ•ฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฉ์–ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ^^

References

๋จผ์ € ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•œ references๋ฅผ ๋ฐํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹

์ง€๋‚œ 5์›” 18์ผ, “๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์› “GPL๋„ ๊ณ„์•ฝ”โ€ฆ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ถŒ ์ธ์ •“์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ง์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์— ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์…จ๋˜ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1-1 ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•

์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•

  • ์ด์šฉ๊ถŒ์ž(๋ผ์ด์„ ์‹œ)๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
    • ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ โ€˜์ด์šฉ’์€ ๋ณต์ œ, ๊ณต์ค‘ ์†ก์‹ , ๋ฐฐํฌ, ์ด์ฐจ์ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ €์ž‘์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์ด ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋งŒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๊ณ , โ€˜์‚ฌ์šฉ’ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
    • โ€˜์‚ฌ์šฉ’ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์ €์ž‘์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๊ณ„์•ฝ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๋งŒ ๋ถ€๋‹ด
  • ์ด์šฉ๊ถŒ์ž(๋ผ์ด์„ ์‹œ)๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹น
  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ, ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•

  • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์„œ(์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ผ๋ฉด copyright owner)์™€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜
  • ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์šฐ์„  ์–‘ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋จ
  • ๊ณ„์•ฝ(ํ•ฉ์˜)์˜ ํšจ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด์— ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ฑ…์ž„๋งŒ ๋ถ€๋‹ด
    • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•  ์—ผ๋ ค๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ์ •๋œ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์•ก์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ
  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ•˜์˜ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹คํˆผ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ
  • ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์˜ ์•ก์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ œ ์กฐ์น˜ ๋“ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ œํ•œ์ 

์‚ฌ๋ก€

  • GPL software์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก ์ œ๊ธฐ
    • ์˜ˆ: Harald Welte, Patrick McHardy
  • Jacobsen v. Katzer ํŒ๋ก€
    • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ค€์ˆ˜๋˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด
    • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด(condition)์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ (covenants)์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ• ์ ์šฉ
  • ํ•œ์ปด vs. ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉ์Šค
    • ํ•œ์ปด์€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์„œ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ
    • ๋ฒ•์›์€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐ

1-2 ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์› (Federal Court)์™€ ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์› (State Court)

  • ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›๊ณผ ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค.
    • ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์› : ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด (๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•, ์œ ์–ธ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ)
    • ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›
      • ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฒ•์› (District Court), ํ•ญ์†Œ ๋ฒ•์› (Appellate Court), ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› (Supreme Court)๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Œ
      • ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ : ํ—Œ๋ฒ•, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„, ๊ตฐ๋ฒ•, ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋“ฑ
      • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•(Copyright Act)์€ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃธ
  • ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…์ ์ ์ธ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ GPL ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…์  ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›(Federal Court)์— ์ œ๊ธฐ๋๋‹ค.
  • ์†Œ์žฅ์„ ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์ œ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด์†ก๋œ๋‹ค.
    • ์ฆ‰, ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›(State Court)์— ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ action์ด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ ์ (preempt)๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

2. SFC vs. Vizio ์†Œ์†ก ํžˆ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ

SFC๋Š” 2021๋…„ 10์›”์— Vizio๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ์†Œ์†ก ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ดํ›„ ํžˆ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2021-10-19

  • SFC๋Š” Vizio๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ SmartCast TV์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ GPL ๋ฐ LGPL์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐ
    • plaintiff : Software Freedom Conservancy, Inc. (โ€SFCโ€)
    • defendant : Vizio, Inc. (โ€Vizioโ€)
    • allege :
      • Vizio uses โ€œat least twenty-five programs, including the Linux kernel softwareโ€ in its smart TVs that are covered by the GPL Agreements,
      • Vizio does not make the corresponding source code for these programs available to purchasers of its smart TVs.
    • seek :
      • to enforce SFCโ€™s right to have access to the source code corresponding to the executable code resident on Vizioโ€™s devices covered by the GPL Agreements.
      • as a remedy to its breach of contract claim, SFC seeks to compel Vizio to make the source code available
    • claim :
      1. breach of contract and
      2. declaratory relief (์„ ์–ธ์  ํŒ๊ฒฐ)
        • ์„ ์–ธ์  ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ์†Œ์†ก๋ฒ• ๋‚ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ์†Œ์†ก์—์„œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ, ์˜๋ฌด, ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ดํ–‰ ๋ช…๋ น์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์น˜, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ƒ์„ ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Œ. ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์†Œ์†ก์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์นจํ•ดํ˜์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋น„์นจํ•ด, ๋ฌดํšจ, ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ถˆํ–‰์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™•์ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์†Œ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จ.
  • ์ฐธ๊ณ  : โ€œ์ตœ๊ทผ ์†Œ์†ก ์‚ฌ๋ก€ : Stockfish v. ChessBase, SFC v. Vizio (๋ฐ•์›์žฌ)โ€

2021-11-29

์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Vizio๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • GPL์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹น
  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์ด ์„ ์ (preemption)ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹˜
  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์†Œ์œ ์ž๋งŒ GPL ๋ฐ LGPL์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , SFC๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋กœ์„œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, Vizio๋Š” ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ๋งก์•„์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญ(NOTICE of REMOVAL of ACTION to FEDERAL COURT)ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์ด ์Šน์ธํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , SFC๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์›๊ณ ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

In Response,

SFC๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Vizio์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์†กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ์„œ(Motion to Remand)๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์ œ์ถœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2022-05-13

์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์€ SFC์˜ Motion to Remand๋ฅผ ์Šน์ธ(ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO REMAND)ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์†กํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3. ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ

์ด๋ฒˆ ์†Œ์†ก์€ ๊ธฐ์กด GPL ์†Œ์†ก ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ Heather Meeker๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3-1. ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์œ„๋ฐ˜(Breach of Contract)๊ณผ ํŠน์ • ์ดํ–‰(Specific Performance)

  • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  GPL ์†Œ์†ก์ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ
  • ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ์†Œ์†ก์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ• ํ•˜์˜ claim
  • ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์†ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ƒ(monetary damages)์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ชจ๋“  TV ๊ตฌ๋งค์ž์—๊ฒŒ copyleft license๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” technical information์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌ (์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ)
    • โ€œdamagesโ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌ : โ€œspecific performanceโ€
  • ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์ œ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ดํ–‰(specific performance)์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„ (specific performance)๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฌธ ๊ตฌ์ œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
  • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์‹  specific performance๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”, ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ

3-2. Claim Brought in State Court

  • ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…์ ์ ์ธ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ
  • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ GPL ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…์  ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ SFC๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ ์†Œ์†ก์€ Orange County, California ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
  • ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์› ์†Œ์†ก์€ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3-3. No Author as Plaintiff

  • SFC๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค์ž๋กœ์„œ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐ
  • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ GPL ์†Œ์†ก์˜ ์›๊ณ ๋Š” GPL software์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์†Œ์œ ์ž์˜€๋‹ค.
  • ์ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ด ์†Œ์†ก์˜ ์›๊ณ ๋Š” SFC์ด๊ณ , Vizio TV๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋กœ์„œ ์†Œ์†ก ์ œ๊ธฐ
  • SFC๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์†Œ์œ ์ž๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋„ ์†Œ์Šค GPL ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ

3-4. Declaratory Relief

  • ์ด ์†Œ์†ก์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์›์— GPL ๋ฐ LGPL์ด ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘ํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  (enforceable) Vizio๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
  • GPL์„ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ licensor (i.e. code copyright owner)์™€ licensee ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— SFC๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
  • ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, SFC๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž (third party beneficiary)๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
    • Third Party Beneficiary : ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์†Œ์†ก์„ ๊ฑธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ, ์ฆ‰, ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ด์ต์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์—ฌ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ
    • GPL์˜ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž : GPL ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, GPL ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์„ฑ์‹คํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” GPL software์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„

4. ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๊ฒฐ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ (2022-05-13)

2022๋…„ 5์›” 13์ผ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

4-1. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€๊ฑด

๋ฒ•์›์€ ์šฐ์„  ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋ฒ•์›์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” federal Copyright Act (์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•)์ด SFC์˜ claim (breach of contract and declaratory relief)์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์„ ์ (preempt)ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ด๋‹ค.
  • ๋งŒ์•ฝ claim์ด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ(๋ณต์ œ, 2์ฐจ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐ ์ „์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ)์™€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ ์ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ ์ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ์†Œ์†ก ์›์ธ์ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” โ€œextra elementโ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์†Œ์†ก์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4-2. ๊ด€๋ จ ํŒ๋ก€ : “Versata Software vs. Ameriprise”

  • GPL์ด derivative work์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์˜๋ฌด์™€๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์ด๋‹ค.
  • ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋‹นํ•œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ƒ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ โ€˜additional obligation : ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด ๋ฏธ์ค€์ˆ˜โ€™์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์›๊ณ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
  • ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” โ€œadditional contractual promiseโ€์€ โ€œextra elementโ€์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.

4-3. SFC์˜ Claim์ด โ€œextra elementโ€์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€

  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณต์ œ, ๋ฐฐํฌ, ์ „์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์ ๊ถŒ์ด๋‹ค.
  • ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์€ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์ ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด๋‹ค.
  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ SFC๊ฐ€ GPL agreement์˜ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค.
  • ์ฆ‰, SFC๊ฐ€ GPL agreement์˜ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž (third-party beneficiary)๋กœ์„œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด โ€œextra elementโ€์ด๋‹ค.

4-4. Vizio์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์œ ํšจํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€

  • Vizio๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, SFC๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์†Œ์†ก์—์„œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ claim์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
    • ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ claimํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ฒ•์›์ด ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.
    • ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ SFC๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
    • SFC๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด Vizio์˜ ๋ณต์ œ, ํŒŒ์ƒ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค.
  • Vizio๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ œ๊ณต์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ โ€˜conditionโ€™์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด โ€˜๊ณ„์•ฝ ์œ„๋ฐ˜’์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ โ€˜์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด’์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
    • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ SFC์˜ โ€˜contract claimโ€™์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
    • ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ โ€œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด” ์ด๋ผ๋Š” condition ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ๋งŒ์ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  license terms, covenants์˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์†Œ์†ก์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์€ condition์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ covenant๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค

4-5 ํŒ๊ฒฐ

  • SFC์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์„ ์ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
    • GPL ๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ(contractual agreement)์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์€ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ™˜์†ก ์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ์Šน์ธํ•œ๋‹ค(the Motion to Remand is GRANTED).

5. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 

์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด SFC๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด GPL์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ Copyleft license ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋ น์ด ๋œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, SFC๋Š” ์ด ์†Œ์†ก์ด GPL์˜ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋งŒ์„ (๋Œ€์ถฉ) ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” SFC๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์†ก์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒผ๊ณ , ์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋„ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ GPL ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๋ฒ•์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ์ค„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹คํˆผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋ฐ›์€ ํŒ๊ฒฐ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋์œผ๋กœ, ์ด์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ Heather Meeker์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • SFC๋Š” GPL ์†Œ์†ก ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์˜ํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ญํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ์šฐ๋ ค๋œ๋‹ค.
    • ์ง€๋‚œ 25๋…„๊ฐ„ GPL software๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” GPL ์†Œ์†ก์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
    • ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์†Œ์†ก์—์„œ SFC๊ฐ€ ์Šน์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์—…์€ GPL code๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” free software์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด GPL ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ธˆ์ „์ ์ธ ์ด์ต๋งŒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋กค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • SFC์˜ ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ์•„์ง์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
    • ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์†กํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ SFC์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋„ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™˜์†กํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ผ๋‹จ, SFC๋Š” GPL์˜ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๋กœ์„œ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์— ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์†Œ์†ก์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ GPL ์†Œ์†ก์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ํ•ฉ์˜๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์™œ “(์ƒ๊ธ‰๋ฒ•์›์œผ๋กœ)” ํ™˜์†กํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ, ์™œ “(์ƒ๊ธ‰๋ฒ•์›์œผ๋กœ)” ํ™˜์†กํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์˜คํƒ€์ผ๊นŒ์š”, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์›์„ ์ƒ๊ธ‰๋ฒ•์›์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ๋ผ์š”? ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋ถ€ํƒ ๋“œ๋ ค๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. :)

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ํšจ๊ณผ

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์žฅํ•™์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค(Inner Source)๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง๊ฐ„ ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ํ˜‘์—…์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†๋„์™€ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜, ์ฝ”๋“œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋žตํžˆ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค Practice ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ

๋จผ์ €, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” Practice๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์™œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์š” Practice๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(1) ์กฐ์ง๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์—…

  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • branch๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ rule์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” tool์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋กœ์จ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ง€์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์ผํ•œ code์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(2) ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”

  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” Code์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์„œ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง๊ด€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ Contributor์˜ ์œ ์ž…๋„ ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(3) Continous Test

  • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ testํ•˜๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ collaborator ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฝ”๋“œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ฆ‰, ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ commit ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ quality๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” tool๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • unit test
    • continuous integration
    • code coverage
    • static analysis ๋“ฑ
  • ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ code์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ unit test๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(4) ๋ชจ๋“  Communication ๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋จ

  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  communication์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ฃผ๋กœ mailing list๋กœ ํ† ๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ชจ๋“  communication์ด ๋ฌธ์„œํ™” ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(5) ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ์ธ์ • ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง

  • ๋งŽ์€ commit์„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ดํ•ด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” Trusted Committer๋กœ ์ธ์ • ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • Trusted Committer๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ review / ์Šน์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋˜ํ•œ, contributor์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋„์ž… ํšจ๊ณผ

๊ธฐ์—…์ด 1์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค Practice๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค(Inner Source)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, Inner Source๋Š” InnerSource Commons ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ Practice๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?

  1. ์กฐ์ง ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ code ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๊ฐ ํŒ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ€์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. Code Quality๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • unit test, code coverage, CI (continous integration), static analysis, code review ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด quality๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค.
    • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ unit test, code coverage, CI (continous integration)๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ bug๊ฐ€ ์ค„๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • communication์„ written comment๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋” ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์ด code design, test, ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ code design์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ€์›์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  6. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3. ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ

์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ๋‚ด์— source code๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. Repository๋‚ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  code์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”
  2. ํ˜‘์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Github๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ์ œ๊ณต
  3. test ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ rule ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ : ์‹ ๊ทœ ์œ ์ž… code์˜ quality ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ
    • code๊ฐ€ commit๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— code coverage test๋ฅผ code์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰
    • commit์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž๋™ build trigger
  4. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ encourageํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด modular architecture์™€ API ์ •์˜
  5. ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , Conference์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ Blog์— ๊ธ€์„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ๊ทน ๊ถŒ์žฅ

4. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜?

์‚ฌ๋‚ด์— ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹น์žฅ ํŒ€ ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ€์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์—„๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค Practice๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋„ˆ์†Œ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” code review, commit, test๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • Test, ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ code design์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
  2. Trusted Committer์™€ Contributor ๊ฐ„์˜ communication์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์—์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : “๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ 

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒ์šฉ AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?

Can I use this publicly available dataset to build commercial AI software?

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์žฅํ•™์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

AI๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ data๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”, ๊ณต๊ฐœ Datasetpublicly available datasets๋„ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์šฉ AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋“ฑ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ํ™•์ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ธ Can I use this publicly available dataset to build commercial AI software?– A Case Study on Publicly Available Image Datasets์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.02374

“Can I use this publicly available dataset to build commercial AI software? – A Case Study on Publicly Available Image Datasets”

- Gopi Krishnan Rajbahadur, Erika Tuck, Li Zi, Dayi Lin, Boyuan Chen, Zhen Ming (Jack)Jiang, Daniel Morales German

์ด ๊ธ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. Intro

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

GitHub Copilot

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ๊น GitHub Copilot๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ SFCSoftware Freedom Conversancy์—์„œ๋Š” “If Software is My Copilot, Who Programmed My Software?“๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€์„ ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ Microsoft์™€ GitHub์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Copilot์€ GitHub์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ source code๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” Copyleft software๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฒ•์  ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด GitHub CEO์ธ Nat Friedman์€ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, SFC๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ GitHub์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์€ Copilot ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด Copilot์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์„ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ, SFC๋Š” Microsoft์™€ GitHub๋Š” copylefted code๋กœ training ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด โ€˜Fair Useโ€™์ธ ์ด์œ ์™€ trained model์ด โ€œwork based on GPLโ€™d softwareโ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. Background

๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Dataset๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ค‘ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ (Fair Use๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด) ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์นจํ•ด, ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ• ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ดํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ Dataset, Data Source ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ data point ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ Fair Use๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์ƒ์šฉ AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3. Approach

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” AI engieer๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , Lawyer๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์šฉ AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ €, Phase 1์€ AI engineer์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ Phase 1์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” AI engineer๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด AI engineer๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ญ๋“ , ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€, Phase 2์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ Phase 2๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด Enhanced MDL ํฌ๋งท์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Dataset ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ Data Source์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์„œ Data Source์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์—…์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋“ฑ ์ œํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด Dataset์„ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ Dataset์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ Case Study๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

4. Case Study Details

์ด ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ dataset์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

DatasetDataset licenseData Source
CIFAR-10๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์–ธ๊ธ‰ ์—†์Œ (์ธ์šฉ๋งŒ ์š”๊ตฌ)Data Source ๋‹ค์ˆ˜
ImageNetcustom licenseData Source ๋‹ค์ˆ˜
Cityscapescustom licenseํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ Data Source
FFHQCC-NC-SA-4.0Data Source ๋‹ค์ˆ˜
VGGFaces2CC-NC-SA-4.0Data Source ๋‹ค์ˆ˜
MS COCOCC 4.0Data Source ๋‹ค์ˆ˜

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ dataset์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ์„ ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์ƒ์šฉ AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋” ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ€์—ฐ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

5. THREATS TO VALIDITY

์ด๋Ÿป๊ฒŒ ์œ„์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ data point์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์ƒ์šฉ AI ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  AI ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ์•„์˜ˆ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. GitHub๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  Copilot ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฒ•์ • ๋‹คํˆผ๋„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด AI ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, Dataset์„ Machine Learning ํ•™์Šต์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ์ œ35์กฐ์˜ 2์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ‘์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๊ทธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค’๊ณ  ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Machine Learning training ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์— ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ์ œ35์กฐ์˜3์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €์ž‘์ž์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์น˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณต์ • ์ด์šฉ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ Machine Learning ํ•™์Šต์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ €์ž‘์ž์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ํ•ด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต์ •์ด์šฉ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์•„์ง ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ํŒ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์•„์ฐธ, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ^^)

์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์ผ๋ณธ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” AI ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์•ˆ์ด ๊ตญํšŒ์— ์ƒ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ Dataset์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AI ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋ฐ•์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2021

SaaS๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?

Open Source Compliance for SaaS Vendors

๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ, ๊ณ ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํƒ‘์žฌํ•œ ์ž„๋ฒ ๋””๋“œ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์˜ ํŒ๋งค, ์•ฑ ๋งˆ์ผ“์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์•ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋“ฑ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SaaS ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, AGPL ๋“ฑ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต ์‹œ์—๋„ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ Heather Meeker๋Š” Open Source Compliance for SaaS Vendors๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€์„ ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ SaaS ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  Open Source Compliance์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


1. Client Side๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ผ.

Heather๋Š” ๋จผ์ € Client Side Software์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SaaS Platform์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด์˜ Server-side์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ(โ€œClient-Sideโ€)๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Heather๋Š” SaaS ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ œ์ž‘ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์›Œ๋“œํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Chrome ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋กœ ์›Œ๋“œํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค์— ์ ‘์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ control-u(๋งฅ๋ถ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” Command + Option + U)๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด page source code๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 3์ฒœ ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” WordPress.com ์ธก ์„œ๋ฒ„์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค).

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Client-side์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋‚ด ์ž…๋ ฅ โ€˜formโ€™์— ๋‚ ์งœ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์œ ํšจํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋กœ์ง ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ small task๋Š” ๊ตณ์ด ์„œ๋ฒ„์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜๋Š๋ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์†Œ์š”ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ Client-side์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ โ€œscripting languageโ€ ์ฝ”๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๊ฐœ HTML, Javascript, CSS ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ์ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, LGPL ๊ฐ™์€ Copyleft ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ์ง€ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ œ๊ณต์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ?

Heather๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ณ ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์ธ HTML/CSS/Javascript๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๋•Œ ๋กœ๋”ฉ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋‚ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ‘œ์‹œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ง€์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, LGPL๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ Copyleft๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ „๋ฌธ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

LGPL-2.1

  1. and distribute a copy of this License along with the Library.

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ LGPL์ธ Javascript ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ Client-side๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ LGPL ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ „๋ฌธ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?

Heather๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” SaaS ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ณด๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”๋ฉด ๋‚ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ „๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Heather๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ 100% ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๊ณ ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌด ์กฐํ•ญ์€ ์›น์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ง€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์„ค์น˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

MIT์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

MIT

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, SaaS ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ซ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”. ๐Ÿ™‚

Minified Javascript๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ๊ฐ€?

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” Client-side๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๋กœ๋”ฉ ํƒ€์ž„์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์  ์ฝ”๋“œ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Javascript ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋‚ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์„์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ , โ€œwhite spaceโ€๋„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ Minify ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

<script id=โ€™wp-media-utils-js-translationsโ€™>
	( function( domain, translations ) {
		var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || 
			translations.locale_data.messages;
		localeData[โ€œโ€].domain = domain;
		wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain );
	} )( โ€œdefaultโ€, { โ€œlocale_dataโ€: { โ€œmessagesโ€: { โ€œโ€: {} } } } );
</script>

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์œ„์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ Minifyํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋˜๊ณ , ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋…์„ฑ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

<scriptid=โ€™wp-media-utils-js-translationsโ€™>(function(domain,translations){varlocaleData=translations.locale_data[domain]||translations.locale_data.messages;localeData[โ€œโ€].domain=domain;wp.i18n.setLocaleData(localeData,domain);})(โ€œdefaultโ€,{โ€œlocale_dataโ€:{โ€œmessagesโ€:{โ€œโ€:{}}}});</script>

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ’๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

GPL-2.0

3. … The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.

๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, LGPL์ธ Javascript ์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ Client-side๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ Minified๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ œ๊ณต์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? Minified ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Unminify ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋…์„ฑ ์ข‹์€ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?

์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Heather๋Š” Minified Javascfript ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ผ๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ white space๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋…์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, Minified Javascript ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ GPL, LGPL์—์„œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ์ •์˜๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” โ€œthe preferred form of the work for making modificationsโ€๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ Copyleft ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜๋ผ.

Heather๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ SaaS์—์„œ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ด์Šˆ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ Copyleft ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AGPL ๋“ฑ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ(interacting)ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Server-side ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Heather๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ โ€œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ Copyleft ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ Copyleft ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์ธ AGPL-3.0์€ 13์กฐ์—์„œ Remote Network Interaction์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

AGPL-3.0

  1. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.

… if you modify the Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary means of facilitating copying of software.

์ฆ‰, AGPL ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ,
  2. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ (interacting)ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ AGPL-3.0 ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ AGPL ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ƒ, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ƒ, ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ AGPL-3.0 ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด ์ค€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, Google์€ โ€œAGPL Policyโ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ Google์—์„œ๋Š” AGPLํ•˜์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Googleโ€™s AGPL Policy

*WARNING:ย Code licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL) MUST NOT be used at Google.

The license places restrictions on software used over a network which are extremely difficult for Google to comply with. Using AGPL software requires that anything it links to must also be licensed under the AGPL. Even if you think you arenโ€™t linking to anything important, it still presents a huge risk to Google because of how integrated much of our code is.ย The risks heavily outweigh the benefits.*

Google์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ๋ฃŒ AGPL Policy๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • AGPL์€ AGPL ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ๋งํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋„ AGPL๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. โ†’ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํšจ๊ณผ
  • ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์›๊ฒฉ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • Google์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ(Search, Gmail, Map, Youtube ๋“ฑ)์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์›๊ฒฉ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ AGPL์— ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ Google์€ AGPL์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” AGPL-3.0๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  Heather๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • Server Side Public License
  • Open Software License
  • Non-Profit Open Source License
  • Artistic 2.0
  • Apple Public Source License
  • RealNetworks Public Source License
  • Reciprocal Public License
  • Honest Public License
  • Academic Free Licenseย [Note: this license is permissive. The others are copyleft.]

Heather๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ Copyleft ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  SaaS ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋„ ์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” AGPL-3.0์€ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตณ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์œผ๋กœ AGPL-3.0์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ํ•„์š”๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, AGPL-3.0 ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ˆ˜๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๋ƒ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, Google๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” AGPL-3.0 ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3. SaaS ์ฝ”๋“œ๋„ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฐํฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ผ.

Heather๋Š” SaaS ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ธก ์ฝ”๋“œ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ธก ์ฝ”๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SaaS ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • SaaS ๋‹ด๋‹น ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋งค๊ฐ
  • SaaS ์„œ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋กœ ์ด์ „
    • ๊ธˆ์œต, Health ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ด์ „
    • ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ด์ „
    • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ด๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ด์ „ ๋“ฑ
  • ๋‚ด๋ถ€ SaaS ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆํ™” ๋“ฑ

Heather๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ SaaS ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ GPL ๋˜๋Š” AGPL ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์™€ ์ž์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ์„œ๋ฒ„์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ Software BOM์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…์—์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์„œ๋ฒ„์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์•„์˜ˆ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, (1) AGPL๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ Copyleft ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋‚˜ (2) ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์šฉ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Ÿฌ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด Server-side์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…, ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , Server-side ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Bill of Materials๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

This paper was translated by Haksung Jang from the English version available at this white paper. The original author, Heather Meeker, has not reviewed this translation.

Log4j 2 ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์  ์‚ฌํƒœ (Log4Shell)

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ด์Šˆ Log4Shell๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Apache Log4j 2์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ (CVE-2021-44228, NVD)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•…์„ฑ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋“ฑ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ์กฐ์น˜ (2021.11.10)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Log4j

Log4j๋Š” ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ Java ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์›น์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” Apache ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. log4j-logo

๊ฒฝ๊ณผ

  • 2021.11.24 ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋ฐ” ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๋ณด์•ˆํŒ€์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ (Apache ๊ณต์ง€)
  • 2021.11.30 Log4jํŒ€, Restrict LDAP access via JNDI pull request ์ถ”๊ฐ€ (12/5 Merged)
  • 2021.11.30 Log4jํŒ€, no longer formats lookups in messages by default pull request ์ถ”๊ฐ€ (12/5 Merged)
  • 2021.12.09 log4j 2 ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ด์Šˆ PR๊ณผ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ ์žฌํ˜„ ์Šค์ƒท์ด ํ•œ ํŠธ์œ—์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ํผ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘
  • 2021.12.10 ๋งˆ์ธํฌ๋ž˜ํ”„ํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด์Šˆ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ํŠธ์œ—์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ ์ด์Šˆํ™”
  • 2021.12.10 Log4j 2.15.0 ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ๋กœ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ ํŒจ์น˜
  • 2021.12.12 Log4jํŒ€, Disable JNDI by default ์ถ”๊ฐ€
  • 2021.12.12 Log4j 2.15.1 ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ํ›„๋ณด (JNDI ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’ Disable)

๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ (๊ตญ๋‚ด)

๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

๋Œ€์‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ (์ฐธ๊ณ )

์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์œ„

  • Log4j 2.0-beta9 ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2.15.x ์ด์ „ ๋ฒ„์ „

  • Spring Boot ๊ด€๋ จ

    • Spring Boot๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ธ Logback์„ ๋””ํดํŠธ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
      ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋กœ๊น… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ Log4j2๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • 2021.12.12 ํ˜„์žฌ ์ตœ์‹  ๋ฒ„์ „์ธ Spring Boot 2.6.1 ์—์„œ๋Š” Log4j2 ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด 1.14.1 ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋จ
    • ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์ „์ธ Spring Boot 2.6.2 ์—์„œ๋Š” Log4j 2.15.x ๋กœ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ์˜ˆ์ •

์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ

์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹

  • log4shell ์€ RCE(์›๊ฒฉ์ฝ”๋“œ์‹คํ–‰) ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ œ๋กœ๋ฐ์ด Attack (๊ณตํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ํŒจ์น˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ) ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ƒ์„ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ฐธ๊ณ  log4shell-exploit-flow ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ถœ์ฒ˜

์ •๋ถ€, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹คํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

์ •๋ถ€๋„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋Š” “์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์›Œ๋‚™ ๋งŽ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ “์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ํ›„์†์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

(๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ทŒ)


NIPA, ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ 4์ข… ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„

์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฐ์—…์ง„ํฅ์›(์ดํ•˜ NIPA)์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๋‹จ์ฒด(์ดํ•˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€)์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก โ€˜NIPA ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ 4์ข…โ€™์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

NIPA์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 4์ข…์˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ถœ์ฒ˜ : https://www.oss.kr/news/show/ef0900db-f5b4-40fb-8745-f1b937fbd8d0)

๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ 4์ข…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ OpenChain KWG ์šด์˜์ง„์ด์‹  ์žฅํ•™์„ฑ, ์ด์„œ์—ฐ, ํ™ฉ๋ฏผํ˜ธ๋‹˜์ด ์ง‘ํ•„์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ (๊ฐœ์ •ํŒ)

๐Ÿ“–๊ณต๊ฐœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ

๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ฐœ์š” ๋ฐ ์†Œ๊ฐœ, ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์‚ฌํ•ญ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ, ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ„์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋ก€, ์ž์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์ฃผ์š” ์ค€์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค๋ฌด์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ด์Šˆ โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์–‘๋ฆฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค โ–ฒ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ถ„์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋ก€ โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ, ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ดํ•ด์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ํŒ๋„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

๐Ÿ“–๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ

๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณดํ™”์‚ฌ์—…์˜ โ–ท๊ธฐํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ–ท๊ณ„ํš์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋‹จ๊ณ„โ–ท์‚ฌ์—…์ž ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ–ท์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ–ท๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ–ท์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ นยท์ง€์นจ, ๊ณ ๋ ค ๋ฐ ์ ๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ๊ณต

๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… ๋™ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณดํ™”์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ นยท์ง€์นจ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‹ค๋ฌด ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.๊ฐ ์žฅ์€ โ–ฒ์ •๋ณดํ™”์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ โ–ฒ์ •๋ณดํ™”์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.โ€˜์ •๋ณดํ™”์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑโ€™์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ฐ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ณดํ™”์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ น ๋ฐ ์ง€์นจ, ํ•ด์„ค์„œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€˜์ •๋ณดํ™”์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌโ€™์—์„œ๋Š” โ–ท๊ธฐํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ–ท๊ณ„ํš์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ–ท์‚ฌ์—…์ž ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ–ท์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ–ท๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ–ท์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฒ€ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์†Œ๊ฐœ์™€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฌด๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์นจ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ค์„œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

๐Ÿ“–๊ธฐ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ

๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์‹œ ์‹ค๋ฌด์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(์‚ฌ์šฉ/๊ธฐ์—ฌ/๊ณต๊ฐœ)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ œ๊ณต

๊ธฐ์—… ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์‹œ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ •์ฑ…, ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋„๊ตฌ, ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.๊ฐ ์žฅ์€ โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ โ–ฒ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐโ–ฒOSPO(Open Source Program Office), ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์—… ํŽธ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—… ํŽธ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์†ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž…๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

๐Ÿ“–๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž…๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ

์—…๋ฌด์šฉ PC์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ์ „ํ™˜ ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ์†Œ๊ฐœ, ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ๋„์ž… ์ ˆ์ฐจ/๋ฒ”์œ„, ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋“ฑ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋ฌด๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž…์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œ

๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž…๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… ์ค‘ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ํ™•์‚ฐ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž…์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‹ค ๋„์ž… ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.๊ฐ ์žฅ์€ โ–ฒ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๊ฐœ์š” โ–ฒ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž… ์‚ฌ๋ก€ โ–ฒ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž… ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์‚ฌํ•ญ โ–ฒ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž… ์‚ฌ์—…์ถ”์ง„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ–ฒ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค โ–ฒ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž… ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ํ™œ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค๋ฌด๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•OS ๋„์ž…์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋„์ž…์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.


์ค‘๊ตญ ์ฒซ GPL ์†Œ์†ก ์‚ฌ๋ก€, VirtualApp

ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋Š” GPL ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์›๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์ƒ๊ธˆ 50๋งŒ ์œ„์•ˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ์„ ๊ณ 

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์žฅํ•™์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ง€๋‚œ 2021๋…„ 9์›”, ์ค‘๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ GPL ๊ด€๋ จ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ฐ€๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. :)
์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! (haksung@sk.com)

(๊ฐ์ˆ˜์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์‹  ํ•œ๊ตญ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์ตœ์ง„์˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ^^)

์ถœ์ฒ˜ : “้ฆ–ไพ‹๏ผ่ฟๅ GPL ๅ่ฎฎ่‡ดไพตๆƒ๏ผŒ่ขซๅˆค่ต”ๅฟ 50 ไธ‡ๅ…ƒ” - https://www.oschina.net/news/159435

์š”์•ฝ

์ง€๋‚œ 2021๋…„ 4์›”, ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋ถ„์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ 1์‹ฌ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ GPL-3.0์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ GPL-3.0์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•ญ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ GPL-3.0์ด ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์นจํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์นจํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ํ”ผ๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ 500,000 RMB (์•ฝ 1์–ต ์›)์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ƒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ฃผ์ฒด

์ด ๋ถ„์Ÿ์˜ ์›๊ณ ์™€ ํ”ผ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์Ÿ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์›๊ณ 

์›๊ณ ๋Š” Jining Luohe Network Technology Co., Ltd ์ด๋ฉฐ, VirtualApp ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ”ผ๊ณ 

ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ธ ๊ณณ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. Fujian Fengling Chuangjing Technology Co., Ltd.
    • Dim Sum Desktop ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์†Œ์œ ์ž
    • Dim Sum Desktop ๊ณต์‹ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์šด์˜
  2. Beijing Fengling Chuangjing Technology Co., Ltd. (Fujian Fengling์˜ ๋ชจํšŒ์‚ฌ)
    • Dim Sum Desktop ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋จ
  3. Shenzhen Tencent Computer System Co., Ltd.
    • “Application Bao” (Dim Sum Desktop์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ, ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต) ์šด์˜

๋ถ„์Ÿ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด

1. VirtualApp (์›๊ณ  ์ธก ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด)

์›๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ Android ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ธ VirtualApp์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

http://www.downcc.com/soft/359746.html

ํžˆ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ์›๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด์ž VirtualApp์˜ Original Contributor์ธ Lody๋Š” 2016๋…„ 7์›” 7์ผ, VirtualApp์„ GitHub์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. 2016๋…„ 7์›” 8์ผ, LGPL-3.0์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
  3. 2016๋…„ 8์›” 12์ผ, GPL-3.0์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋‹น์‹œ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Repository ๋‚ด GPL-3.0 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , README ๋‚ด License ์ •๋ณด๋„ “GPL-3.0"์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  4. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, 2017๋…„ 1์›” 24์ผ, ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ “๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์—†๋‹ค“๋Š” ์•ˆ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ดํ›„, 2017๋…„ 3์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ทจ๋“์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ˆ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์‹ฑ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‚ด ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” Lody๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” VirtualApp์„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ•˜์— ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ GPL๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์— ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด GPL์—์„œ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ๋ฐ์š”, Lody๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— GPL-3.0์— ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์‹ฑ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  5. 2017๋…„ 8์›”, Lody๋Š” VirtualApp(์›๊ณ )์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ VirtualApp์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
  6. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , Lody๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, 2017๋…„ 10์›” 29์ผ, GitHub์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  7. 2017๋…„ 11์›” 8์ผ, ์›๊ณ ๋Š” VirtualApp v1.0์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฑ๋ก์ฆ์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  8. 2017๋…„ 12์›” 30์ผ, VirtualApp์„ ์ƒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ, ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ƒ์šฉ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ดํ›„, ๋” ์ด์ƒ GitHub Repo์— ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"VirtualApp(์ค‘๊ตญ๋ช…: Luo box)์€ 2017๋…„ 8์›”์— ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 
VirtualApp์„ ์ƒ์—…์  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ QQ: 10890์œผ๋กœ 
์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 
VirtualApp์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์ต, ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 
์Šน์ธ ์—†์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์‹ ๊ณ (์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด)
ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋ฒ•์  ์†Œ์†ก ๋ฐ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, VirtualApp์€ Lody๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž์ด๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ 30์—ฌ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. Dim Sum Desktop (ํ”ผ๊ณ  ์ธก ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด)

Dim Sum Desktop์€ VirtualApp๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Chuangjing Technology Co., Ltd.๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

http://www.appchina.com/app/com.dianxinos.dxhome

ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋Š” Dim Sum Desktop์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ GitHub์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ VirtualApp์˜ 2017๋…„ 8์›” 16์ผ์ž ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒ„์ „์€ GPL-3.0์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉด์„œ (์•ž๋’ค๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ) ์ƒ์—…์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2018๋…„ 9์›”, ์›๊ณ ๋Š” “Dim Sum Desktop v6.5.8"์ด VirtualApp V1.0์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋‘ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐ„ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฝ”๋“œ 421๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • 308 codes - substantial similarity
    • 27 codes - high similarity
    • 78 codes - general similarity

์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์ทจ์ง€

์›๊ณ ๋Š” 2019๋…„ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์ทจ์ง€๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company์™€ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Beijing Fengling Company๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•  ๊ฒƒ
    • ์ฆ‰, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ “Dim Sum Desktop” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ, ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์„ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ
  2. ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company์™€ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Beijing Fengling Company๋Š” ์›๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ์œ„์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ
  3. ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company์™€ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Beijing Fengling Company๋Š” ์นจํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์›๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ 50๋งŒ ์œ„์•ˆ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ compensate the plaintiff for a reasonable fee of 500,000 yuan for stopping the infringement
  4. ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company์™€ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Beijing Fengling Company๋Š” ์ด case์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์†ก ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ

๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๊ฒฐ

2021๋…„ 4์›”, ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด๊ณ  ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Ÿ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

china_judegement

์Ÿ์  1. GPL-3.0์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ํšจ๋ ฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€

๋ฒ•์›์€ GPL-3.0์ด ๊ณ„์•ฝ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ ๊ณ  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐย ์ค‘๊ตญ ‘๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•’์˜ ์กฐ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„์—ย ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด GPL-3.0 ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ํ–‰์œ„ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

GPL-3.0 ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ํ–‰์œ„ ์ฑ…์ž„

  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•จ
    • ๋ณต์ œ, ์ˆ˜์ •, ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์žˆ์Œ (์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž ์™ธ์—๋Š” “๊ณต์ • ์ด์šฉ"์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ)
    • ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์นจํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•จ
  • GPL-3.0 8. Termination
    • GPL-3.0์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ GPL-3.0์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ถŒํ•œ์€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋จ
    • “You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License”
  • ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฏผ๋ฒ• ์ด์น™ ์ œ158์กฐ
    • โ€œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ ํ•ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฌดํšจโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •
  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ GPL-3.0์„œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์กฐ๊ฑด(์†Œ์Šค์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ, ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ / ์ˆ˜์ • ์ •๋ณด ํ‘œ์‹œ ๋“ฑ)์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž„
    • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ GPL-3.0 ๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์ง€
    • ๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋จ
    • ์ดํ›„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ, ์ˆ˜์ •, ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์นจํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•จ

์Ÿ์  2. ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€

๋ฒ•์›์€ GitHub์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ(์˜ˆ: ๋‹จ๋…์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ, ๊ณต๋™์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ)์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ VirtualApp์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋“ฑ๋ก์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๋™์˜ ์—†์ด ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ์ฝ”๋“œ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ… ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์—…๋กœ๋“œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ ์ธ์ฆ ๋‚ด์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ VirtualApp์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์†Œ์œ ์ž์ž„์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
  2. ์›๊ณ ๋Š” ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๋™์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์Šน์ธ ์—†์ด ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ
    • ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฃผ์ธ Lody๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ Owner๋กœ์„œ ์›๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” GitHub์— VirtualApp ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ค‘ ์ด 31,097์ค„์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•จ.
    • ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” GPL-3.0์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ VirtualApp ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•จ.
      • ์ด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์†Œ์œ ์ž ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ.
    • ๋งŒ์•ฝ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜ ๋™์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์Šน์ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„. ์ด๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ์†ก ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋””์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ.
    • ์ฆ‰, ์›๊ณ ๋Š” ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๋™์˜๋‚˜ ์Šน์ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
  3. GPL-3.0์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•  ๋ฟ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œย 
    • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œย ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์†Œ์†ก์€ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ GPL-3.0 ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ VirtualApp์„ Relicenseํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ Relicenseํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ GPL-3.0์„ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚จ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Ÿ์  3. ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€

๋ฒ•์›์€ VirtualApp์˜ “์ƒ์šฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ"๊ฐ€ GPL-3.0 (7์กฐ Additional Terms, 10์กฐ Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients)์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ GPL-3.0 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ์›๊ณ ๋Š” VirtualApp์„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฒ„์ „๊ณผ ์ƒ์šฉ๋ฒ„์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ , ํ›„์† ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฒ„์ „์—์„œ “GPL-3.0” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•จ
    • ์ด์™€ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์›๊ณ ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ VirtualApp์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•จ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, VirtualApp์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฒ„์ „๊ณผ ์ƒ์šฉ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Œ
    • GPL-3.0์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด GPL-3.0์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด์ „ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ์€ ํ›„์† ๋ฒ„์ „์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ GPL-3.0์— ๊ตฌ์†๋จ
  2. GPL-3.0์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์—…์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ
    • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์›๊ณ ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ : “Dim Sum Desktop์„ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ GPL-3.0 ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ž„?”
  3. ํ”ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ “Dim Sum Desktop” ์•ฑ(V6.5.8)์ด GPL-3.0์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ
    • ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ GPL-3.0 8์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฏผ๋ฒ• ์ผ๋ฐ˜์›์น™ ์ œ158์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company๊ฐ€ ํš๋“ํ•œ ๊ถŒํ•œ์€ ์ž๋™ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋จ
    • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company์˜ VirtualApp ๋ณต์‚ฌ, ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์ถœ์ฒ˜ ์ƒ์‹ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์นจํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•จ

๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ฒ•์›์€ GPL-3.0 8์กฐ์˜ “๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณต์› ์กฐํ•ญ” (์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ํ†ต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด๊ณ , 30์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์‹œ์ • ์‹œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๊ตฌ ๋ณต์›)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” “์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ†ต์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€?”, “์‚ฌ์ „ ํ†ต์ง€ ์—†์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€?”, “๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„์ง ‘30์ผ ๋‚ด ์‹œ์ • ์‹œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๊ตฌ ํšŒ๋ณต’์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€?” ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์†Œ์†ก๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ด์•ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?)

์Ÿ์  4. ์นจํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ™•์ธ ์‹œ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ฒ”์œ„

์›๊ณ ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ์ด์ต์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์•ก ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒ•์›์€ ๋ฒ•์ •์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ๊ธˆ(statutory damages)์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ƒ๊ธˆ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company๋Š” “Dim Sum Desktop” ์•ฑ(V6.5.8)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž, ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ์…”๋กœ์„œ ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ VirtualApp์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Œ
    • ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Beijing Fengling Company์˜ ์ „์•ก ์ถœ์ž ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๋‘ ํ”ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ํ–‰์œ„ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์›๊ณ ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Œ
  • ํ”ผ๊ณ  Tencent๋Š” “AppBao ๊ณต์‹ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ"์—์„œ ์นจํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ธฐ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์†Œ๋œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•จ
    • ์›๊ณ ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Tencent์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ
    • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Tencent๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ
  • ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ
    • ์›๊ณ ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณ  Fujian Fengling Company์™€ ํ”ผ๊ณ  Beijing Fengling Company์˜ ์นจํ•ด ์ด์ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•จ
    • ๋ฒ•์›์€ ๋ฐฐ์ƒ์•ก์„ 50๋งŒ ์œ„์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•จ

50๋งŒ ์œ„์•ˆ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋ฒ•์ •์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์•ก์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์•ก ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ

๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋กœ ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•œ ์ ์ด ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์— ํœ˜๋ง๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์— ์ƒ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์†Œ์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํŽด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. :)

GPLv2๋„ ์„ค์น˜์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ?

GPLv2๋„ ์„ค์น˜์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ P. McCoy Smith๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ JOLTSJournal of Open Law, Technology & Society์— GPLv2๊ฐ€ ‘์„ค์น˜์ •๋ณด’๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ง€๋‚œ 2021๋…„ 3์›”, SFCSoftware Freedom Convervancy์˜ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์— “Understanding Installation Requirements in GPLv2“๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ GPLv2์—์„œ๋„ ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธ€์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ GPLv2์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์›๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋˜ Readability๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜น์‹œ, ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. haksung@sk.com

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. :)

This paper was translated by Haksung Jang from the English version available at this article. The original author, P. McCoy Smith, has not reviewed this translation.

Abstract

GPLv3GNU General Public License version 3 ์—์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ฐฐํฌ ์‹œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” GPLv2์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” loophole (Tivoization)์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด GPLv3์— ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ด ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด GPLv2์—์„œ๋„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” GPLv3์— ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ GPLv2๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, GPLv3์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, GPLv2 ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

1. Introduction

1991๋…„ FSFFree Software Foundation์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ GPLv2GNU General Public License, version 21์€ Copyleft (ํ˜น์€ Reciprocal) ๋ผ์ด์„ ์‹ฑ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Copyleft ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ ์šฉ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ “free"๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค2. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ “free"๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค3.

  • ์ˆ˜์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œ 
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์œ 
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œ 

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  2005๋…„, FSF๋Š” GPLv2๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•  ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ4 ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ 5 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ 6 ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ FSF๋Š” 2006๋…„7๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ GPL์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํ˜‘์—…๊ณผ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2007๋…„ 6์›” 29์ผ GPLv3๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค8.

2. GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ

GPLv2๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋˜ 15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด GPLv3์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ (๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋˜๋Š”9) ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ (1) ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ์กฐํ•ญ๊ณผ (2) GPLv3์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ‘์ „๋‹ฌconvey10‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œํ•œ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค. GPLv3์—์„œ์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด GPLv2์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‘ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์—์„œ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

GPLv3, Section 611(GPLv3 ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ “Non-Source Form์œผ๋กœ Convey"์‹œ ์˜๋ฌด ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ช…์‹œ)์—์„œ๋Š” ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

โ€œโ€˜Installation Informationโ€™ ... means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other 
information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work ... from a 
modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the 
continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with 
solely because modification has been made.โ€

GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์ •์˜์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ‘์ธ์ฆํ‚คauthorization key’ ๋ฐ ‘๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ •๋ณด’๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” GPLv3๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๋‹น์‹œ FSF๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ คํ–ˆ๋˜ GPLv2 ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋‚จ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค12.

GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์˜๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋‚˜ GPLv3์—์„œ ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค13. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ GPLv2์—์„œ๋„ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ GPLv3์—๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž„์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ GPLv3์— ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ GPLv3์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ํŠน์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ํ•ด๋‹น ํ‘œํ˜„์ด GPLv2์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ์˜๋ฌด๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

3. ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ: ‘Tivoization’

2006๋…„๊ฒฝ GPL์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ„์ „์ธ GPLv3๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋ฌด๋ ต, FSF๋Š” ‘software freedom’ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ›ผ์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. FSF๋Š” ์ด ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ‘Tivoization14‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น์‹œ FSF๋Š” DVRdigital video recorder ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ TiVo๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์นจํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

https://blog.codinghorror.com/tivoization-and-the-gpl/

2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜, TiVo์˜ ํŠน์ • DVR ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์—๋Š” GPLv2 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์ธ Linux ์ปค๋„์ด ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์—๋Š” TiVo ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์žฅ์น˜์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•  Linux ์ปค๋„ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์ฒดํฌ์„ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” ํ•ด์‹œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ปค๋„ ๋ฒ„์ „๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ํŠน์ • ์ฒดํฌ์„ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” ํ•ด์‹œ15์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ Linux ์ปค๋„ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ TiVo ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋Š” (ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋กœ์จ ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ์ฒดํฌ์„ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์‹œ๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ธ) TiVo๋งŒ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์— Linux ์ปค๋„์˜ ์ธ์ฆ๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TiVo ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž(์˜ˆ: ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ)๊ฐ€ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ปค๋„์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ปค๋„์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ์žฌ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ปค๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์ฒดํฌ์„ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ปค๋„์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค์น˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค16.

์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ FSF๋Š” 2006๋…„, GPLv2 ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๊ธฐ์กด ์žฅ์น˜์— ์žฌ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๊ณ , ์ด ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธ์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œA tyrant is a malicious device that refuses to allow users to install a different operating system or a modified operating system. These devices have measures to block execution of anything other than the โ€˜approvedโ€™ system versions.โ€17

https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/brussels-rms-transcript.en.html

4. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ถ„์„: GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์˜๋ฌด์™€ GPLv2์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

FSF๋Š” ‘Tivoization’์˜ (์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”) ๊ด€ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, GPLv3 ์ดˆ์•ˆ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์ค‘, FSF์˜ ํšŒ์žฅ, ์ˆ˜์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ Executive Director์˜ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€ํ–‰์ด GPLv2์—์„œ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œ[T]he Tivo itself is the prototype of [T]ivoisation. The Tivo contains a small GNU/Linux operating system, thus, several programs under the GNU GPL[v2]. And, as far as I know, the Tivo company does obey GPL version 2. โ€ฆ [T]he trouble begins because the Tivo will not run modified versions, the Tivo contains hardware designed to detect that the software has been changed and shuts down.โ€18

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œTiVo is a provider of hardware and software โ€ฆ. Our concern with them is that they have rights as users, but they should respect the rights of the users to whom they sell. Having a personal video recorder โ€ฆ which won’t run software if you modify the box โ€ฆ is not user-respecting conduct. (TiVo) complied with GPL 2 by the skin of its teeth.โ€19

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œTiVoization is described by Peter Brown [Executive Director of FSF in 2006-07 during drafting of GPLv3] as circumventing GPL2 โ€˜in spirit, not technically.โ€™โ€20

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด(‘Tivoization’์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” GPLv3์™€ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” GPLv2๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด)๋Š” Linux Kernel์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ž์ธ Linus Torvalds๊ฐ€ GPLv3์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ‘GPLv2 only’๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ์˜€๋‹ค.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bV3cKq26nKQ

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œโ€™The FSF is trying to make some things no longer permissible under the GPLv3 that the GPLv2 left open, and I just happen to think that those things were better off being left open.โ€™โ€21

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œโ€˜I don’t think the GPL v3 conversion is going to happen for the kernel, since I personally don’t want to convert any of my code.โ€™ โ€ฆ โ€˜I think it’s insane to require people to make their private signing keys available, for example. I wouldn’t do it,โ€™ [Torvalds] said.โ€22

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œ[If] you can not install or run your changes on somebody elseโ€™s hardware โ€ฆ it in no way changes the fact that you got all the source code, and you can make changes (and use their changes) to it. That requirement has always been there, even with plain GPLv2. You have the source. The difference? The hardware may only run signed kernels. The fact that the hardware is closed is a hardware license issue. Not a software license issue. Iโ€™d suggest you take it up with your hardware vendor, and quite possibly just decide to not buy the hardware. Vote with your feet. โ€ฆ [I]tโ€™s important to realize that signed kernels that you canโ€™t run in modified form under certain circumstances is not at all a bad idea in many cases.โ€23

GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Torvalds์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ์š” ์ปค๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณต์œ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค24. Torvalds๋Š” 10๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ Linux Kernel์ด ‘GPLv2 only’ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค25.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œI give you source code, you give me your changes back; weโ€™re even. โ€ฆ Thatโ€™s my take on GPL version 2 and itโ€™s that simple. โ€ฆ Version 3 extended that in ways that I personally am really uncomfortable with. Namely I give you source code, that means if you use that source code, you canโ€™t use it on your device unless you follow my rules. And to me thatโ€™s a violation of everything version 2 stood for. And I understand why the FSF did it, because I know what the FSF wants, but to me itโ€™s not the same license at all. So I was very upset, and made it very clear, and this was months before version 3 was actually published.โ€26

FSF๋Š” GPLv3๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ GPLv2์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ GPLv3์—์„œ๋Š” ‘Tivoization’์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œThere are several primary areas where version 3 is different from version 2. One is in regard to [T]ivoisation.27

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œThe Tivo includes some GPL-covered software. โ€ฆ[Y]ou can get the source code for that, as required by the GPL โ€ฆ and once you get the source code, you can modify it, and there are ways to install the modified software in your Tivo and if you do that, it won’t run, period. Because, it does a check sum of the software and it verifies that it’s a version from them and if it’s your version, it won’t run at all. So this is what we are forbidding, with the text we have written for GPL version three. It says that the source code they must give you includes whatever signature keys, or codes that are necessary to make your modified version run.โ€28

FSF๋Š” (GPLv3์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด ๊ธ€์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ) ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ GPLv3์—๋Š” GPLv2์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์–ด๋–ค ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œGPLv2 did not address the use of technical measures to take back the rights that … GPL[v2] granted, because such measures did not exist in 1991 [when GPLv2 was written], and would have been irrelevant to the forms in which software was then delivered to users. โ€ฆ GPLv3 must address these issues: free software is ever more widely embedded in devices that impose technical limitations on the user’s freedom to change it.โ€29

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œDoes GPLv2 have a requirement about delivering installation information?…

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œGPLv3 explicitly requires redistribution to include the full necessary โ€˜Installation Information.โ€™ GPLv2 doesn’t use that term, but it does require redistribution to include scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable with the complete and corresponding source code. This covers part, but not all, of what GPLv3 calls โ€˜Installation Information.โ€™ Thus, GPLv3’s requirement about installation information is stronger.โ€30

Richard Stallman์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์—๊ฒŒ GPLv2์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์‹ฑ ์ •์ฑ…์„ GPLv3์œผ๋กœ “upgrade"ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ GPLv3์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œโ€œKeeping a program under GPLv2 won’t create problems. The reason to migrate is because of the existing problems which GPLv3 will address.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œOne major danger that GPLv3 will block is tivoization. Tivoization means computers (called โ€œappliancesโ€) contain GPL-covered software that you can’t change, because the appliance shuts down if it detects modified software. The usual motive for tivoization is that the software has features the manufacturer thinks lots of people won’t like. The manufacturers of these computers take advantage of the freedom that free software provides, but they don’t let you do likewise.31

5. GPLv2์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด

1991๋…„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ GPLv2์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Copyleft ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ํŠน์ง• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” GPLv2์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌdistribute[s]32ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ‘์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ’33๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. GPLv2์˜ Section 3์€ GPLv2ํ•˜์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ object ํ˜น์€ executable code form์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ‘์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ’์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค34.

โ€œThe source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.
For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it 
contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control 
compilation and installation of the executable.โ€

์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์—์„œ์˜ ‘์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ’๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‹๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œSource Code: โ€ฆ The form in which a computer program (software) is written by the programmer. Source code is written in some formal programming language which can be compiled automatically into object code or machine code or executed by an interpreter.โ€35

GPLv2์—๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ‘์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ’ ์ •์˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • โ€˜associated interface definition filesโ€™
  • โ€˜scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable’

GPLv2์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ GPLv3์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

6. ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ถ„์„: GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์˜๋ฌด์™€ GPLv2 ์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์˜๋ฌด

์œ„์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, executable code ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ GPLv3์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” ‘Corresponding Source’36์™€ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’37๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค.

โ€œ[A]ll the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object 
code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities.โ€
โ€œ[A]ny methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and 
execute modified versions of a covered work ... from a modified version of its Corresponding 
Source.โ€

GPLv3์˜ ์›๋ž˜ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” “Corresponding Source"์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋‚ด์— ์ธ์ฆํ‚ค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค38. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ์ฆํ‚ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ์™€ ํ˜ผ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ FSF๋Š” ์ธ์ฆํ‚ค ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ section์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œWe have moved the technical restrictions provisions from section 1, where they formed part of the definition of Corresponding Source, to section 6, where they are presented as a condition on the right to convey object code works. Some critics of the provisions in our earlier drafts focused on what they regarded as an inappropriate equation of cryptographic keys with source code. Placing the requirements in section 6 should make their purpose and reasonableness more evident.โ€39

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, GPLv3์˜ ์ดˆ์•ˆ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ FSF๋Š” ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด GPLv2์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ GPLv3์—๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ‘Corresponding Source Code’ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์ž„์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

GPLv2์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค40.

โ€œFor an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it 
contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control 
compilation and installation of the executable.โ€

GPLv2์˜ ‘corresponding source code’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

  • โ€˜any associated interface definition filesโ€™
  • โ€˜scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executables.โ€™

‘interface definition file’์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์—์„œ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ด๋‹ค(GPLv2์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์šฉ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค). ํŠน์ • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ attribute์™€ definition์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค41. GPLv2์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์ฆํ‚ค๋‚˜ ์ฒดํฌ์„ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹ , ๋ฐฐํฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ).

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ executable์„ ์ปดํŒŒ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” script๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… GPLv2 ๋Œ€์ƒ executable์˜ ์„ค์น˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ‘script’ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œA computer script is a list of commands that are executed by a certain program or scripting engine. Scripts may be used to automate processes on a local computer โ€ฆ. Script files are usually just text documents that contain instructions written in a certain scripting language. โ€ฆ [W]hen opened by the appropriate scripting engine, the commands within the script are executed.โ€42

ย ย ย ย ย ย โ€œScript[:] โ€ฆ a sequence of instructions or commands for a computer to execute โ€ฆ especially โ€ฆ one that automates a small task (such as assembling or sorting a set of data).โ€43

Installation script44๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์žฅ์น˜์— ํŠน์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‹ค45.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํ•ด์„์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, GPLv2์˜ โ€˜scripts used to control โ€ฆ installation of the executableโ€™ ์ œ๊ณต ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ GPLv2 executable code๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฒดํฌ์„ฌ, ํ•ด์‹œ, ์Šน์ธ/์„œ๋ช…ํ‚ค, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ˆซ์ž ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ‘script’์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด์„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋“  executable์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค์น˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽŒ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ์ž์ฒด์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค(์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, executable์— ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์œ ํšจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ GPLv3์˜ ์ดˆ์•ˆ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๊ณผ์ • ๋™์•ˆ FSF์™€ Linux Kernel ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ GPLv2ํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” (TiVo์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด PROM-loaded information์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋“ฑ) ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, ํŽŒ์›จ์–ด์—์„œ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด GPLv2์˜ ‘scripts used to โ€ฆ installation of the executable’ ์š”๊ฑด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

7. ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ GPLv2๋กœ Backporting

์–ด๋–ค์ด๋Š” GPLv3์˜ ์ „์ฒด ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์ •์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ GPLv2์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์˜๋ฌด ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‚ด์— backportingํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ , ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํ•ด์„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ GPLv2์˜ Section 3์— ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ํŠน์ • ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ‘User Product’46์ด๋‹ค. GPLv3์—์„œ์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์ œ๊ณต ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์˜ค์ง ‘User Product’์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œํ’ˆ์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค47.

โ€œIf you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, 
a User Product ... the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the 
Installation Information.โ€

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— GPLv2์—๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ‘User Product’์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ GPLv2์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, GPLv3์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์˜๋ฌด ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ GPLv2์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋˜ํ’€์ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด GPLv3์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ GPLv3์€ GPLv2์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ์ ์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ‘software freedom’ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ด์„์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ GPLv3์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย  โ€œAs a free software license … this license [GPLv3] intrinsically disfavours technical attempts to restrict users freedom to copy, modify, and share copyrighted works. Each of [the licenses] provisions shall be interpreted in light of this specific declaration of the licensor’s intent. We wish courts all over the world to understand that our intent [in creating GPLv3] is to maximise freedom, not to restrict it, and that everything should be so understood when effect is given to its termsโ€48

๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, GPLv3๋Š” ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์˜๋ฌด ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ GPLv2์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ‘freedom’์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—ฌ์•ผ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ์ทจ์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ freedom์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด, GPLv2 ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํŠน์ • ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, User Product์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” GPLv3๋Š” ‘freedom’ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ด์„์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

8. GPLv2์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ˆ˜์ •์ฃผ์˜Revisionism

์œ„์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” GPLv2์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ GPLv2์— backportํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ , GPLv2์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์žฌํ•ด์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, GPLv2์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๊ณผ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ย ย ย ย ย ย  โ€œGPLv2 ยง3 requires that the source code include โ€˜meta-materialโ€™ like scripts, interface definitions, and other material that is used to โ€˜control compilation and installationโ€™ of the binaries.โ€49

ย ย ย ย ย ย  โ€œGPLv2 included a clear obligation to provide โ€˜the scripts used to control โ€ฆ installationโ€™ that function for the GPLv2’d works. GPLv2 assures, to the purchaser of an embedded product, their absolute right to receive the information necessary to install a modified version of the GPLv2’d works. โ€ฆ The GPLv2 was designed to assure bug-fixing. Furthermore, the drafters knew that, on embedded systems and devices, you need to know how to install those fixes. Scripts can be technical [artefacts] like shell scripts, but can also be merely a recipe and/or guidance โ€” written instructions that explain how to succeed at install.โ€50

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด GPLv3์˜ (executable์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด, recipe, ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ, ์„ค๋ช… ๋“ฑ) ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ GPLv2์— ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ GPLv2์—์„œ๋„ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ‘script’๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ GPLv2์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธconter-textual์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ GPLv2 ์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๋Š” GPLv2๋กœ๋Š” Tivo์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ executable์„ Tivo ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์„ ์˜๋ฌดํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค51.

9. Conclusion

  • GPLv3์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ GPLv2์—๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ธ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์ œ๊ณต์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด GPLv3์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ ๋˜ํ•œ GPLv2์—์„œ๋Š” (GPLv2 ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ฒ„์ „ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ฆํ‚ค ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๋‚ด์žฅ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€) ์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ข์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ •๋ณด (์„ค์น˜ script)๋งŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
  • GPLv3์˜ ‘์„ค์น˜ ์ •๋ณด’ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ GPLv2๋กœ backportingํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ˜์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, GPLv3์ด GPLv2๋ณด๋‹ค ‘freedom’์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” GPLv3์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋“ค์€ software freedom์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ GPLv3๋ณด๋‹ค GPLv2๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” GPLv3์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

GPLv2์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•ด์„์ด ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ธ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์†Œ์†ก์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์žฌํŒ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. (์œ„์—์„œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ) GPLv3 ์ดˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง„์ˆ ๊ณผ GPLv2์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ํ‘œํ˜„๋“ค์ด GPLv2์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

About the author

P. McCoy Smith is Founding Attorney at Lex Pan Law (www.lexpan.law), a full-service intellectual property law firm in Portland, Oregon, U.S.A., that has a sub-speciality in free and open source licensing, as well as Founder at Opsequio (www.opsequ.io), an software licence compliance consultancy. As a member of GPLv3 Discussion Committee B, he was an active participant in the debate over, and revision of, the โ€˜Installation Informationโ€™ requirement in that licence.

Licence and Attribution

This paper was published in the Journal of Open Law, Technology, & Society, Volume 12, Issue 1 (April 2021). It originally appeared online at https://www.jolts.world

This article should be cited as follows:

Smith, P. McCoy (2021) ‘Does GPLv2 Include an โ€œInstallation Informationโ€ Obligation? A Textual & Historical Analysis’, Journal of Open Law, Technology & Society, 12(1), pp 21 โ€“ 31

DOI: 10.5033/jolts.v12i1.149ใ…Šใ…Š

Copyright ยฉ 2021 P. McCoy Smith.

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 CC-BY available at

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

ccby


  1. GNU Operating System, โ€˜GNU Library General Public License, version 2.0,โ€™ (June, 1991) https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.0.html (accessed March 8, 2021). ↩︎

  2. Although GPLv3 was designed to eventually supplant GPLv2, in the 14 years since GPLv3 was published, the use of GPLv3, by some measures, is roughly equal in measure to the use of GPLv2; GPLv3โ€™s relative use is also declining while GPLv2 remains steady state. Johnson, Patricia, โ€˜Open Source Licenses in 2021: Trends and Predictions,โ€™ WhiteSource (January 28, 2021) https://resources.whitesourcesoftware.com/blog-whitesource/open-source-licenses-trends-and-predictions (accessed March 30, 2021). ↩︎

  3. See GNU Operating System, โ€˜What is free software? The Free Software Definition,โ€™ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html (accessed March 8, 2021). ↩︎

  4. Free Software Foundation, โ€˜Rationale for 1st discussion draft,โ€™ http://gplv3.fsf.org/gpl-rationale-2006-01-16.html (accessed March 22, 2021). ↩︎

  5. One example of a change in the law that the authors of GPLv3 felt needed to be addressed in that license was the adoption in 1996 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT), and the passage in 1998 of its counterpart in the United States, the Digital Millennium Copyright Action (DMCA), particularly the provisions against circumvention of ’technological protection measures’, See WCT Article 11; 17 U.S.C. ยง 1201 (1998). GPLv3, ยง 3 directly addresses these additions to copyright law. ↩︎

  6. The technology in TiVo’s devices, preventing reinstallation of modified binaries on devices running GPLv2 software, was one example of technology developed long after the GPLv2 licence was drafted that was of concern to the drafters of GPLv3. Subsequent to the release of GPLv3, millions, if not billions, of devices continue to be distributed with a GPLv2-licensed Linux kernel that prevent the reinstallation of modified binaries. GPLv3 also addressed the outmoded language around distribution of source code in GPLv2, and GPLv3 โ€’ in Section 6 โ€’ added several additional mechanisms for fulfilling source code obligations more consistent with current mechanisms for software distribution. See GPLv3, ยง 6(d)-(e). ↩︎

  7. Irish Free Software Organization, โ€˜Transcript of Opening session of first international GPLv3 conference,โ€™ (January 16th 2006) http://www.ifso.ie/documents/gplv3-launch-2006-01-16.html (accessed March 22, 2021). ↩︎

  8. GNU Operating System, โ€˜GNU General Public License, version 3,โ€™ (โ€˜GPLv3โ€™) (June 29, 2007) https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html (accessed March 22, 2021). ↩︎

  9. Burnette, Ed, โ€˜Tivo and GPL: Beauty and the Beast?,โ€™ ZDNet, (October 2, 2006) https://www.zdnet.com/article/tivo-and-gpl-beauty-and-the-beast/ (accessed March 29, 2021). ↩︎

  10. โ€˜Conveyโ€™ is the activity defined in GPLv3 as triggering source code disclosure obligations. GPLv3, n. 6, ยงยง 4-6. ↩︎

  11. GPLv3, n. 6 above, ยง 6. ↩︎

  12. See โ€˜Transcript of Opening Session of First International GPLv3 Conference,โ€™ (January 16th 2006) http://www.ifso.ie/documents/gplv3-launch-2006-01-16.html (accessed May 5, 2021) at 0h 03m 59s ↩︎

  13. Perhaps the most notable feature of the โ€˜Installation Informationโ€™ requirement, and an important feature in understanding how that requirement differs from the source code obligations in GPLv2, is that the โ€˜Installation Informationโ€™ requirement of GPLv3 applies only to a specified subset of products โ€“ โ€˜User Productsโ€™ upon which GPLv3 might be installed. See GPLv3, n. 6 above, at ยง 6. ↩︎

  14. The Computer Language Company, โ€˜Tivoization,โ€™ The Free Dictionary by Farlex https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Tivoization (accessed April 2, 2021). ↩︎

  15. Checksums and cryptographic hashes are techniques used to determine whether a received binary file is identical to, or deviates from, an expected binary file. Various techniques are used to generate a numerical value associated with the digits in the expected file to generate a value; that value is then compared at the receiving end to a stored representation of the same value. In this way, any changes to the binary file, even so much as changing one bit from โ€˜0โ€™ to โ€˜1โ€™ or vice versa, will produce a different value which will not match the stored value, thus indicating at the received binary file is not identical to the expected binary file. See Fisher, T., โ€˜What Is a Checksum?โ€™ Lifewire (June 14, 2021) https://www.lifewire.com/what-does-checksum-mean-2625825 (accessed June 14, 2021). ↩︎

  16. Miller, Todd, โ€˜Using large disks with TiVo,โ€™ Sudo Project (2008) https://web.archive.org/web/20120206023943/http://www.gratisoft.us/tivo/bigdisk.html (accessed April 2, 2021) (โ€˜it is not possible to replace the kernel on a Series2 TiVo since the PROM requires that the kernel be cryptographically signed with a key from TiVoโ€™). Note that although most of the commentary about the Series 2 TiVo devices of the mid-2000s indicate that they would not allow modified GPLv2 binaries to install or execute, at least one commentator has stated that that device allowed such binaries to be installed and run, but only prevented execution of non-GPLv2 proprietary code on that device. See Kuhn, Bradley & Webster, Behan, โ€˜Safely Copylefted Cars: Reexamining GPLv3 Installation Information Requirements,โ€™ Linux Foundation Events (2017) at 13 https://events19.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Safely-Copylefted-Cars-Reexamining-GPLv3-Installation-Information-Requirements-ALS-Bradley-Kuhn-Behan-Webster-1.pdf (accessed April 9, 2021) ↩︎

  17. GNU Operating System, โ€˜Proprietary Tyrants,โ€™ https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html (accessed April 2, 2021). ↩︎

  18. Stallman, Richard, โ€˜Transcript of Richard Stallman at the 5th international GPLv3 conference,โ€™ (November 21, 2006) https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/tokyo-rms-transcript#tivoisation (accessed April 2, 2021). ↩︎

  19. Shankland, Stephen, โ€˜Defender of the GPL,โ€™ CNet (January 19, 2006) https://www.cnet.com/news/defender-of-the-gpl/ (accessed April 2, 2021). ↩︎

  20. Byfield, Bruce, โ€˜GPLv2 or GPLv3?: Inside the Debate,โ€™ Datamation (June 17, 2007) https://www.datamation.com/trends/gplv2-or-gplv3-inside-the-debate/ (accessed April 9, 2021). ↩︎

  21. Bennett, Amy, โ€˜Linux creator Torvalds still no fan of GPLv3,โ€™ Computerworld (July 28, 2006) https://www.computerworld.com/article/2820022/linux-creator-torvalds-still-no-fan-of-gplv3.html (accessed April 7, 2021). ↩︎

  22. Shankland, Stephen, โ€˜Torvalds rules out GPL3 for Linux,โ€™ ZDNet UK (January 27, 2006) https://web.archive.org/web/20080424051024/http:/news.zdnet.co.uk/software/0,1000000121,39249370,00.htm (accessed April 7, 2021). ↩︎

  23. Barr, Joe, โ€˜Torvalds versus GPLv3 DRM restrictions,โ€™ Linux.com (February 2, 2006) https://www.linux.com/news/torvalds-versus-gplv3-drm-restrictions/ (accessed April 8, 2021). ↩︎

  24. Bottomley, James, et al., โ€˜Kernel developers’ position on GPLv3,โ€™ LWN.net (September 22, 2006) https://lwn.net/Articles/200422/ (accessed April 8, 2021). See also Bottomley, James, et al., ‘The Dangers and Problems with GPLv3,’ (September 15, 2006) https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1158941750.3445.31.camel@mulgrave.il.steeleye.com (accessed May 27, 2021). ↩︎

  25. Linux kernel licensing notice, https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/COPYING (accessed April 8, 2021). ↩︎

  26. Deb Conf, โ€˜Linus Torvalds says GPL v3 violates everything that GPLv2 stood for,โ€™ YOUTUBE (accessed May 5, 2021, at 0h 0m 34s) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaKIZ7gJlRU↩︎

  27. Stallman, Richard, โ€˜Transcript of Richard Stallman at the 3rd international GPLv3 conference,โ€™ (June 22, 2006) https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/barcelona-rms-transcript.en.html#tivoisation (accessed April 2, 2021). ↩︎

  28. Stallman, Richard, โ€˜Transcript of Richard Stallman speaking on GPLv3 in Torino,โ€™ (March 18, 2006) https://fsfe.org/activities/gplv3/torino-rms-transcript.en.html#drm (accessed April 2, 2021). ↩︎

  29. Free Software Foundation, โ€˜Opinion on Digital Restrictions Management,โ€™ (August, 2006) http://gplv3.fsf.org/drm-dd2.html (accessed March 17, 2021). ↩︎

  30. GNU Project, โ€˜Frequently Asked Questions About the GNU Licenses,โ€™ https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#InstInfo (accessed April 7, 2021) ↩︎

  31. Stallman, Richard M. โ€˜Why Upgrade to GPL Version 3,โ€™ (May 31, 2007) http://gplv3.fsf.org/rms-why.html (accessed May 6, 2021). ↩︎

  32. GPLv3 uses the term โ€˜convey,โ€™ n. 8 above, whereas GPLv2 uses the term โ€˜distribute,โ€™ to articulate acts that trigger, among other things, obligations to provide source. Although there are subtle differences between the two terms, they are intended to cover the same acts. GNU Project, โ€˜Frequently Asked Questions About the GNU Licenses,โ€™ https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#ConveyVsDistribute (accessed March 29, 2021). ↩︎

  33. Brown, Neil, โ€˜GNU GPL 2.0 and 3.0: obligations to include licence text, and provide source code,โ€™ JOLTS vol. 2, no. 1 (2010) DOI: 10.5033/ifosslr.v2i1.31 (accessed March 30, 2021). ↩︎

  34. GPLv2, n. 1 above, ยง 3. ↩︎

  35. โ€˜Source Code,โ€™ Computer Dictionary of Information Technology https://www.computer-dictionary-online.org/definitions-s/source-code.html (accessed March 30, 2021). ↩︎

  36. GPLv3, n. 6 above, ยง 1. ↩︎

  37. GPLv3, n. 6 above, ยง 6. ↩︎

  38. Free Software Foundation, โ€˜GPLv3 First Discussion Draft,โ€™ ยง1 (January 16, 2006) http://gplv3.fsf.org/gpl-draft-2006-01-16.html (accessed June 14, 2021). ↩︎

  39. Free Software Foundation, โ€˜GPLv3 Third Discussion Draft Rationale,โ€™ (March 28, 2007) http://gplv3.fsf.org/gpl3-dd3-rationale.pdf/download (accessed June 14, 2021). ↩︎

  40. GPLv2, n. 1 above, ยง 3. ↩︎

  41. E.g., Microsoft, โ€˜Interface Definition (IDL) File,โ€™ Windows Developer Documentation (May 31, 2018) https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/midl/interface-definition-idl-file (accessed April 8, 2021); de St. Germain, H. James, โ€˜Interfaces in Object Oriented Programming Languages,โ€™ University of Utah Computing Department https://www.cs.utah.edu/~germain/PPS/Topics/interfaces.html (accessed April 8, 2021). ↩︎

  42. Christensson, Per, โ€˜Script Definition,โ€™” TechTerms. (2006) https://techterms.com/definition/script (accessed April 8, 2021). ↩︎

  43. โ€˜Script,โ€™ Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/script (accessed April 8, 2021). ↩︎

  44. GPLv2โ€™s requirement to provide โ€˜compilationโ€™ scripts are not analysed in this article; compilation is part the process of converting source code into executable code, and is not related to the subsequent activities of installing, or executing, that executable code. ↩︎

  45. Arthur, Ty, โ€˜How to Write a Simple Script to Install a Program,โ€™ Techwalla https://www.techwalla.com/articles/how-to-write-a-simple-script-to-install-a-program (accessed April 8, 2021) ↩︎

  46. โ€˜User Productsโ€™ in GPLv3 are subject to a rigorous definition which excludes a large class of products which can, and currently do, use code licensed under one of the GPL family of licences: โ€œA โ€˜User Productโ€™ is either (1) a โ€˜consumer productโ€™, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. โ€ฆ A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.โ€ GPLv3, n. 6 above, at Section 6. ↩︎

  47. GPLv3, n. 6 above, at Section 6. ↩︎

  48. Transcript of Opening Session of First International GPLv3 Conference, see n.10 above, at 0h 23m 30s. ↩︎

  49. Kuhn, Bradley, et al., โ€˜Copyleft and the GNU General Public License: A Comprehensive Tutorial and Guide,โ€™ Copyleft.org at ยง 5.2 (2003-2018) https://copyleft.org/guide/comprehensive-gpl-guidech6.html#x9-460005.2 (accessed April 9, 2021). ↩︎

  50. Gingerich, Denver, โ€˜Understanding Installation Requirements in GPLv2,โ€™ Software Freedom Conservancy (March 25, 2021) https://sfconservancy.org/blog/2021/mar/25/install-gplv2/ (accessed April 9, 2021). ↩︎

  51. See above nn. 17 and 22-23. ↩︎

Dockerfile ๋ฐฐํฌ ์‹œ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ?

Distribution of Dockerfiles: Who is responsible for FOSS Licence Compliance?

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!

2021๋…„ 4์›”, ๋…์ผ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ Till Jaeger๋Š” Dockerfile์ด ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” Docker image๋‚ด ํฌํ•จ๋  ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Till์€ ๋…์ผ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์žฌํŒ์†ŒCJEU์˜ ํŒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” Till์˜ ์˜์–ด ์›๋ณธ์„ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ตฐ๋ฐ๊ตฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ธ์šฉ๊ตฌ(๋†’์ž„๋ง)๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : haksung@sk.com
  • ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์— ๋„์›€ ์ฃผ์‹  ์นด์นด์˜ค์˜ Sean์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ^^

This paper was translated by Haksung Jang from the English version available at the Distribution of Dockerfiles: . The original document is licensed under CC-BY-4.0. The original author, Till Jaeger, has not reviewed this translation.

1. ์†Œ๊ฐœ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ 

Docker ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ FOSS ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ Docker์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ Armijn Hemel์˜ ๋ฐฑ์„œ์ธ โ€œDocker Containers for Legal Professionalsโ€1๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. Hemel์€ Dockerfile์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์Šค ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ๋‹ค์šด๋ฐ›๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ปดํฌ๋„ŒํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  FOSS ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ “๋ฐฐํฌdistribution” (๋˜๋Š” GPL-3.0์˜ “์ „๋‹ฌconveying“์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋‚ด์—์„œ “๋ฐฐํฌ” ๋˜๋Š” “์ „๋‹ฌ"์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, “๋ฐฐํฌ"์˜ ์ •์˜๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค2.

๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ “์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ"ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด ์ค€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. “๋ฐฐํฌ"์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— “๋ฐฐํฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Heather Meeker๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค3. ๋งŽ์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ฒ•์›์€ CJEU(์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์žฌํŒ์†Œ)Court of Justice of the European Union์—์„œ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ “๋ฐฐํฌ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € Docker์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ “๋ฐฐํฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ Dockerfile์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

2. Docker์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

Docker๋Š” ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  Dependency๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  Unit์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Hypervisor๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ™”์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์—๋Š” ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ ์ปค๋„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹  ํŠน์ • ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฃจํŠธ ๋””๋ ‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํŒŒ์ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์—๋Š” Unix ๊ณ„์—ด ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ Linux ์ปค๋„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Docker image

์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋Š” “Docker image"๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์™ธ์— ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ Dependency, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ํ‹ธ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํŒŒ์ผ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Docker image๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ “Docker Hub"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต์šฉ Repository๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” C ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, Package Manager, Shell ๋ฐ ๋””๋ ‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ • Linux ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” “Base Image"์—๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด Base image ์œ„์—, ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ณด๊ด€ ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋นŒ๋“œ๋˜์–ด ์™„์ „ํ•œ Docker image๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” “๋ ˆ์ด์–ด"๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ ˆ์ด์–ด ์ €์žฅ๋ฐฉ์‹ : https://cultivo-hy.github.io/docker/image/usage/2019/03/14/Docker์ •๋ฆฌ/

Dockerfile

“Dockerfile"์€ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ Docker image๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํŒŒ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. Dockerfile์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ Dockerfile ์ž์ฒด์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์ฒด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

Dockerfile : https://www.slideshare.net/vincenzoferme/using-docker-containers-to-improve-reproducibility-in-software-and-web-engineering

Docker ์—”์ง„

Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์šฉ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ธ “Docker ์—”์ง„"์€ Dockerfile์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ Docker image๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, Base image๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์ปดํฌ๋„ŒํŠธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ Dockerfile์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ก€์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฐ›์€ Dockerfile์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒด ํ˜น์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์™€์„œ Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

https://cultivatehq.com/posts/docker/

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Dockerfile์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋นŒ๋“œํ•œ Docker image์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ FOSS์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ - EU ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๊ถŒํ•œ

๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  FOSS ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌdistributing ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋‹ฌconveying ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” “๋ฐฐํฌdistribution“์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋‚ด์— ํฌํ•จ(์˜ˆ: GPL-3.0์€ “์ „๋‹ฌconvey“์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•จ)ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…์ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…์ผ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ยง69c no 3 UrhG์—์„œ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ “Verbreitung“๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ “์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์›๋ณธ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ(์ž„๋Œ€ ํฌํ•จ)“๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ “Verbreitung“์€ ยง17 (1) UrhG์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์˜ํšŒ ๋ฐ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง€์นจ 2009/24/EG 4์กฐDirective 2009/24/EG of the European Parliament and of the Council์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ํ•ด์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค4. ๋…์ผ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋ฒ•์›์ธ ๋…์ผ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์žฌํŒ์†ŒGerman Federal Court of Justice, Bundesgerichtshof (BGH)์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์žฌํŒ์†ŒCourt of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐํฌ๊ถŒ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4. Dockerfile์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ - ๋ถ„์„

์ด ์„น์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ „์†ก์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” Docker image์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ, ์ฆ‰, Base image, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, ํŒจ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4.1 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ๋ฐฐํฌ์ธ๊ฐ€?

์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ “๋ฐฐํฌ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋œ ๋ฐฐํฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์˜ “๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ” ๋ฐฐํฌ
  • ์ œ์‚ผ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ–‰์œ„

๋…์ผ๊ณผ EU์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋ฒ•์›์ด ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์ž.

  • ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ–‰์œ„
  • ๋ณต์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐํฌ์™€ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์‚ผ์ž๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ “๋„๊ตฌ"๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋จ

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ CJEU๊ฐ€ “ํ•„์ˆ˜์  ์—ญํ• essential role“์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์  ํ†ต์ œorganizational control๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค5. ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋…์ผ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์žฌํŒ์†ŒBGH์˜ “์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์Œ์•… ๋…น์Œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค” ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ตญ์˜ ์™„์ „ ์ž๋™ ๋…น์Œ์ด ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์ธ์ง€ (ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€) ํ˜น์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž์˜ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์ธ์ง€์— (๋ฌดํ—ˆ๊ฐ€) ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด BGH๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค6.

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์Œ์•… ๋…น์Œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ 2019๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ7๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์›๊ณ ๋Š” ์Œ๋ฐ˜ ์ œ์ž‘์ž์ธ ๋…์ผ ์†Œ๋‹ˆ ๋ฎค์ง(Sony Music)์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์„ ๋…น์Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” MusicMonster.FM์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋…์ผ ๋ฒ•์›์€ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์  ์ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ค‘์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์ด๊ณ , ํ”ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์›๊ณ ์˜ ๋ณต์ œ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ „์†ก๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

CJEU๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ “ํ•„์ˆ˜์  ์—ญํ• essential role“์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ยง17 UrhG(๋…์ผ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•)์—์„œ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค. UrhG๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ “์ œ์•ˆoffer” ํ–‰์œ„, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฐฐํฌ์˜ ์ค€๋น„ ํ–‰์œ„preparatory act of a physical distribution๋„ ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ–‰์œ„act of distribution๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค8.

CJEU์˜ ์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ๊ฒฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„ ํ–‰์œ„๋„, ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ฐฐํฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ “ํ•„์ˆ˜์  ์—ญํ• "์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋ฐฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. Dockerfile์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค. Dockerfile์€ (์˜๋„๋œ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ) Dockerfile์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œcomplete functioning system์„ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์ง๋œ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” Docker image์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ, ์กฐ์ง์  ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒorganizational control์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜๋Š” (Docker image์— ํฌํ•จ๋ ) FOSS์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Dockerfile์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ Dockerfile์ด ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด, Base image๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์šด์˜์ž๋„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ “๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค9. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ Base image๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ €์žฅ์†Œ ์šด์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Base image๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐํฌ(๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ณผ์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ) ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4.2 ํŒจ์น˜

์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ Dockerfile์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜์ •์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ •์˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” “ํ•„์ˆ˜์  ์—ญํ• "์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋งก์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ •์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— (์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„) ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์› ๋ฒ„์ „์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค10. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ƒˆ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ Docker image์— ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค.

4.3 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐ Base image

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ

์ด ์„น์…˜์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ์›น ์„œ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์‹คํ–‰์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ “์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. Dockerfile์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” Docker ์—”์ง„ ๋˜๋Š” Linux ์ปค๋„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ Dockerfile์—์„œ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, GPL-2.0 3์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฌ, ์ปค๋„ ๋“ฑ ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ปดํฌ๋„ŒํŠธ๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

“3. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable."

https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html

Base image

Base image๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ Base image์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋‹ค. Base image์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ, Dockerfile์— ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ช…๋ น์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ Base image์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Base image๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Repository ์šด์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด๋ณผ๋•Œ Base image๋Š” Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํŒจ์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒจ์น˜์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…๋ฆฝ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์€ ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ ์—†์ด ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐฐํฌ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜์  ์—ญํ• essential role์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋งํฌ์™€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„(๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ)์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ EU์—์„œ ์น˜์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. CJEU๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค11. ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. : ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌ๋งค์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์˜๋„๋œ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์—…์  ๋ชฉ์ ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ํ•ด๋‹น ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ค„์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๊ฑด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” CJEU์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, Base image์˜ Repository ์šด์˜์ž์™€ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” Base image์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, Dockerfile์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” Base image๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, Repository์˜ ์šด์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , Repository ์šด์˜์ž๋Š”, ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œ๊ณต์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ํฌํ•จ๋œ FOSS์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์œ„์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ €์ž์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฐ ํŠนํžˆ Dockerfile์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŒ๋ก€๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด์„๋“ค๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(ํŠนํžˆ Base image๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ Dockerfile์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ).

ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ Repository ์šด์˜์ž๋“ค์ด FOSS์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ (์˜ˆ: GPL ๋ฐ LGPL ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ), ์ด๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ Dockerfile์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜น์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” Dockerfile์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด(์ฆ‰, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์กฐ)๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” ์ง€์ •๋œ Repository์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” Base image๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค12.

Docker image๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด, FOSS ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‹คํ–‰์€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ฌธ์ œ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, GPL-2.0 4์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค13. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๊ฐ€ Docker image๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, Dockerfile์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐํฌ๊ถŒ์ด ์†Œ์ง„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(์•„๋ž˜์˜ 4.6์ ˆ ์ฐธ์กฐ).

4.4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ

ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑด์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค14. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ
  • GPL ๋ฐ AGPL ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌnon-system library
  • GPL ๋ฐ AGPL ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ

GPL-2.0 ์„น์…˜ 3 ๋ฐ GPL-3.0 ์„น์…˜ 1 (3)์—๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด ์ค‘ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์— “์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ"๋Š” ๋ฉด์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค15. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Dockerfile์ด Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ Base image์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ(์œ„ 4.3 ์ฐธ์กฐ)๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์ด Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Dockerfile์ด ์ œ์‚ผ์ž Repository์—์„œ (์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์ด์™ธ์˜) ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด์—์„œ GPL-3.0 ๋˜๋Š” AGPL-3.0 ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๋งํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋งํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค(GPL-3.0 ๋˜๋Š” AGPL-3.0) ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค (cf. section 1 GPL-3.0: โ€œCorresponding Source includes …, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, …โ€). ์ด๋Š” GPL-2.0์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฐฐํฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ (๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด) ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜• ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šคdecentralized distribution process๋กœ ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ Dependency๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์  ์ œ์–ด๊ถŒorganizational control์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์—์„œ Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• essential role์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4.5 ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ

์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž(๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ)๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ Repository์— ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์—ฌ Dockerfile์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, Repository ์šด์˜์ž์˜ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์— ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด (์˜ˆ : Dockerfile์ด “์ตœ์‹  ๋ฒ„์ „"์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ์ด๋Š” Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  Dockerfile ๋‚ด์— ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

4.6 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ 

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ฐฐํฌ (๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ) ์‹œ์ ์— ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ Dockerfile์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค€๋น„ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, Dockerfile ์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Repository์—์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ Dockerfile ๋ฐฐํฌ ์‹œ, ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์— ์–ด๋–ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ด์„์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ “latest"๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ Repository์—์„œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์ •๋ณด(์˜ˆ : ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ, ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๊ณ ์ง€, ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ œ๊ณต)๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก 

  • Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” Dockerfile์„ build/run ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ Docker ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” FOSS์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Dockerfile ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ Repository๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.
  • Dockerfile์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ค€๋น„ ํ–‰์œ„preparatory acts์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” “๋ฐฐํฌ"์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์žฌํŒ์†ŒCourt of Justice of the European Union์˜ ํŒ๋ก€์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
  • ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ, ์›น์„œ๋ฒ„ ๋“ฑ “์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋Š” Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
  • ๋‹จ, Docker ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ FOSS ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ Repository์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, FOSS ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค๋Š” Dockerfile ์ œ๊ณต์ž์™€ Docker ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ Repository์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐฐํฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ…์ž„์ ธ์•ผํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค.

Licence and Attribution

This paper was published in the Journal of Open Law, Technology, & Society, Volume 12, Issue 1 (April 2021). It originally appeared online at http://www.jolts.world

This article should be cited as follows:

Jaeger, Till (2021) ‘Distribution of Dockerfiles: Who is responsible for FOSS License Compliance?’, Journal of Open Law, Technology, & Society, 12(1), pp 13 โ€“ 20 DOI: 10.5033/jolts.v12i1.147

Copyright ยฉ 2021 Till Jaeger

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 CC-BY available at

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

cc


  1. Hemel, Armijn, (2020), โ€˜Docker Containers for Legal Professionals,โ€™ [pdf] Available at: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Docker-Containers-for-Legal-Professionals-Whitepaper_042420.pdf [Accessed 16 February 2021]. See also Peterson, Scott, (2020), โ€˜Making compliance scalable in a container world.โ€™ Available at: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/compliance-containers [Accessed 16 February 2021]. ↩︎

  2. Sec. 0 GPL-3.0 provides as follows: โ€œTo โ€˜convey’โ€˜ a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies.โ€ and โ€œTo โ€™propagateโ€™ a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy.โ€ ↩︎

  3. Meeker, Heather (2012), โ€˜The Gift that Keeps on Giving โ€“ Distribution and Copyleft in Open Source Software Licensesโ€™, JOLTS, 4(1), pp 29 โ€“ 40, [DOI: 10.5033/ifosslr.v4i1.66]. ↩︎

  4. Directive 2009/24/EC on the legal protection of computer programs (codified version). Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0024 [Accessed 16 February 2021]. ↩︎

  5. See the โ€˜Opinion of Advocate General Saugmandsgaard ร˜e in the joined Cases Cโ€‘682/18 and Cโ€‘683/18 (Frank Peterson v Google LLC et al), ECLI:EU:C:2020:586. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:62018CC0682 [Accessed 16 February 2021]. ↩︎

  6. BGH (German Federal Court of Justice), judgment of 2020-03-05 - I ZR 32/19 โ€“ Internet radio recorder. Available at: https://openjur.de/u/2202077.html [Accessed 16 February 2021]. ↩︎

  7. ๋…์ผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์›, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์Œ์•… ๋…น์Œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค(stream ripping) ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ „์†ก๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค : http://www.copyright.or.kr/information-materials/trend/the-copyright/download.do?brdctsno=44381&brdctsfileno=15929 ↩︎

  8. CJEU of 2015-05-13, C-516/13 โ€“ Dimensione Direct Sales and Labianca. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:62013CJ0516&qid=1607613372933&from=EN [Accessed 16 February 2021]. ↩︎

  9. Please not that the โ€œRight of communication to the public of works and right of making available to the publicโ€ in Art. 3 are independent rights from the โ€œdistribution rightโ€ in Art. 4 Directive 2001/29/EC. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32001L0029 [Accessed 16 February 2021]. ↩︎

  10. See Hemel Armijn, ibid n. 1, p. 19. ↩︎

  11. As the CJEU, judgment of 14 June 2017 in case C-610/15 โ€“ Stichting Brein (The Pirate Bay) itself declares: โ€œIn order to determine whether a user is making a โ€˜communication to the publicโ€™ within the meaning of Article 3(1) of Directive 2001/29, it is necessary to take into account several complementary criteria, which are not autonomous and are interdependent. Consequently, those criteria must be applied both individually and in their interaction with one another, since they may, in different situations, be present to widely varying degrees.โ€ Available at: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=en&T,F&num=c-610-15 [Accessed 16 February 2021]. ↩︎

  12. For efforts of Red Hat to improve the situation see Peterson, S., ibid. ↩︎

  13. “However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.” ↩︎

  14. See for more details Jaeger, Till and Metzger, Aaxel, Open Source Software, 5th edition, 2020, 64 et seq; Meeker, Heather, Open Source for Business, A practical Guide to Open Source Software Licensing, 3rd edition 2020, 119 et seq; Working Paper on the legal implication of certain forms of Software Interactions (a.k.a linking), Available at: https://www.ifosslr.org/public/LinkingDocument.odt [Accessed 16 February 2021]. ↩︎

  15. The definition in section 1 GPL-3.0 reads as follows: โ€™The โ€œSystem Librariesโ€™ of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A โ€˜Major Componentโ€™, in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.โ€ ↩︎

OSPO๋ž€?

OSPOOpen Source Program Office์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

This paper was translated by Haksung Jang from the English version available at the OSPO Definition. The original document is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0.


์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!

TODO Group1์€ Talk Openly, Develop Openly๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์™€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” Linux Foundation ์‚ฐํ•˜์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน2์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TODO ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ3, ๋„๊ตฌ4 ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—… ๋“ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” OSPOOpen Source Program Office๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ๊ต์œก, ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ณด์žฅ, ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ, ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” OSPO๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด TODO Group์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ๊ธ€5์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



Photo: TODO Group

OSPO์˜ ์ •์˜

OSPOOpen Source Program Office๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ค‘์•™์— ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ๋ฐฐํฌ, ์„ ํƒ, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ๊ต์œก, ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ณด์žฅ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์— ์ด์ต์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ OSPO์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

  1. ๋ฒ•์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ์™„ํ™”Legal Risk Mitigation
  2. ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ฐœ์„ Improving Engineersโ€™ Practices
  3. ์žฌ์ •์  ์ด์ต ์‹คํ˜„Enabling Financial Benefits

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‘๋ ค์›€Fear, ์‚ฌ๋ž‘Love, ๋ˆMoney์ด ์—ฐ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ฒ•์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ์™„ํ™”

๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, OSPO๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด OSPO์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

OSPO๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.

  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ๋…
  • ์ธ๋ฐ”์šด๋“œ ์ฝ”๋“œ์ฃผ: ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋“ฑ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž…์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์‹คํ–‰
  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅ

์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ฐœ์„ 

OSPO๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ OSPO๋ฅผ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ OSPO์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

  • ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์ „๋‹ฌ
  • ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฌธํ™” ์œก์„ฑ
  • ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅ

์žฌ์ •์  ์ด์ต ์‹คํ˜„

์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ด์ต์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜๋‹ค. OSPO๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ฒค๋”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฒค๋”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ OSPO (๋ฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์šฉ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ OSPO์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

  • ์ „๋žต ์‹คํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋„ˆ์‰ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋…
  • ์ƒ์šฉ ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด‰์ง„
  • ์ „๋žต์  ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ด์˜ ์ฑ„ํƒ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ OSPO๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค, ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

OSPO ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

TODO Group์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด OSPO๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OSPO Examples

TODO Group์€ Microsoft, Faceboo, Uber ๋“ฑ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ OSPO๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค์˜ OSPO์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธ€์„ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค OSPO19

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


  1. TODO Group : https://todogroup.org/ ↩︎

  2. TODO Group Member : https://todogroup.org/members/ ↩︎

  3. TODO guides : https://todogroup.org/guides/ ↩︎

  4. Repolinter : https://github.com/todogroup/repolinter ↩︎

  5. Open Source Program Office (OSPO) Definition and Guide : https://github.com/todogroup/ospodefinition.org ↩︎

  6. How to Create an Open Source Program : https://todogroup.org/guides/create-program↩︎

  7. Measuring Your Open Source Program : https://todogroup.org/guides/measuring↩︎

  8. Tools for Managing Your Open Source Program : https://todogroup.org/guides/management-tools)[ ↩︎

  9. Autodesk’s OSPO : https://bit.ly/3mVdi0I↩︎

  10. Capital One’s OSPO : https://bit.ly/3sxbf4e ↩︎

  11. Comcast’s OSPO : https://bit.ly/2RAIw1A ↩︎

  12. Facebook’s OSPO : https://bit.ly/3gkwOmg ↩︎

  13. Microsoft’s OSPO : https://bit.ly/3eajxKm ↩︎

  14. Red Hat : https://bit.ly/3xfk3iW ↩︎

  15. Salesforce’s OSPO : https://bit.ly/3akfzgR ↩︎

  16. SAP’s OSPO : https://bit.ly/32sVznS ↩︎

  17. Uber’s OSPO : https://bit.ly/2Qcxwar ↩︎

  18. Yahoo/Verizon Media’s OSPO : https://bit.ly/3mYRmBP ↩︎

  19. SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค OSPO : https://sktelecom.github.io/about/ospo ↩︎

Elastic License 2.0 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค

Elastic License 2.0์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

This paper was translated by Haksung Jang from the English version available at this white paper. The original author, Heather Meeker, has not reviewed this translation.


์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ Heather Meeker๊ฐ€ 2021๋…„ 3์›” 11์ผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ Elastic License์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ White Paper๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์›๊ธ€์„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ์ธ์šฉ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, Heather Meeker๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐฑ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€ Elastic์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ์ธ์ง€, ์›๊ธ€์€ Elastic License์— ํ˜ธ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ, Elastic License 2.0์„ Heather Meeker๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ตฐ์š”.)

์—ฌํ•˜ํŠผ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์šฉ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , Elastic License๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์— ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. :-)

  • ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์— ๋„์›€ ์ฃผ์‹  ์นด์นด์˜ค์˜ Sean, Robin ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  LG์ „์ž์˜ ๊น€๊ฒฝ์• ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ตœ๊ทผ, 2021๋…„ 2์›”, Elastic์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— Elastic License 2.0์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ Elasticsearch, Kibana ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ž.

Elastic License 2.0์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชจ๋ธOpen Development Model๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ฒ” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๋‹ค. Elastic License 2.0์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ๊ณต์œ  ๋ฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ œํ•œ ์„ค์ •์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

scale

์œ ๋‹‰์Šค, ๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค, ์ž์œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค

Elastic License 2.0๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์šด๋™์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์™€ ์ž์œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ดFree Software ์šด๋™์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์œ ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค์˜ ๋ถˆ์”จ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์˜์ฒด์ œ์ธ ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ธ AT&T Bell Labs์€ 1956๋…„์˜ ๋™์˜๋ นconsent decree์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค ๋ฐ C์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์ด์ต ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€1 ๋‹นํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ณ„, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์€ ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •/๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค๋Š” ๊ณง ์šด์˜์ฒด์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์„ ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 1983๋…„ ๋™์˜๋ น์ด ํ•ด์ œ๋˜์ž AT&T๋Š” ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค์— ์ˆ˜์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ ์—…์ฒด๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ์ž ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ์šด์˜์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐœ์กŒ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์œ ๋‹‰์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์œ ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์šด๋™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์–ด์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์šด๋™์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ์‡„๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์šด๋™์€ ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณง ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์ž์œ free(๋ฌด๋ฃŒfree ๋งฅ์ฃผ์—์„œ์˜ Free๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ž์œ free์—์„œ์˜ Free)๋กœ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋” ํฐ ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šด๋™์˜ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ, ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›์น™๋“ค์€ GNU General Public License (GPL)์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐํฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๊ณ , 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ถ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. GPL๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ˜‘์—…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2000๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„ ํ˜‘์—…์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋Š” ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜e-commerce์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„๊ณผ AGPL

GPL๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต์œ  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— “๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ"์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์„ค์น˜on-premiseํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆญ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ ๋กœ์ปฌ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์–ป์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜์™€ AWSAmazon Web Services์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ์˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์› ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Linux์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ “๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๋ฃจํ”„ํ™€Loophole“์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” Affero GPL (AGPL)์ด๋ผ๋Š” GPL์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. AGPL 3.0์€ GPL 3.0๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์›๊ฒฉ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉRemote Network Interaction ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.

[I]f you modify the Program, your modified version must prominently offer 
all users interacting with it remotely through a computer network โ€ฆ 
an opportunity to receive the Corresponding Source of your version by 
providing access to the Corresponding Source from a network server at no 
charge, through some standard or customary means of facilitating copying 
of softwareโ€ฆ.

์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” GPL์ด ๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค ๋ฐฐํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ฐœ์„  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

AGPL๊ณผ ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค

AGPL์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2007๋…„, GPL 3.0 ์ดˆ์•ˆ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ด ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๋“ค์€ GPL์„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธCopyleft ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” GPL 3.0์˜ “๋ฃจํ”„ํ™€"์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ AGPL์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ AGPL์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์ œํ’ˆ์ธ MongoDB๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ผ๋ฌด์ดํ•œ AGPL์˜ “ํ‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•ฑkiller app“์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” AGPL์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— AGPLํ•˜์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

AGPL 3.0์˜ Remote Network Interaction ์กฐํ•ญ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์›๊ฒฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

MongoDB๋Š” “๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ AGPL์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์žlicensee์—๊ฒŒ AGPL ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” AGPL์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์›๋ž˜ GPL๊ณผ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ GPL ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ณด๋‹ค ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•œ AGPL์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. MongoDB์˜ ์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. AGPL์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— MongoDB๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, AGPL์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์€ AGPL์ด MongoDB์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ๊ฐˆ์ทจtoxic shakedown๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌํ•˜ํŠผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋˜ AGPL์˜ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต์œ  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋„ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋‚˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

๋ฌด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉStrip-mining

ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ด์šฉ์ด GPL ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ “ํŒŒ๊ดดbroken“์‹œ์ผฐ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ AGPL ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๋„ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. GPL ๋˜๋Š” AGPL์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจsingle program executable๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด “๊ธฐ๋Šฅ"์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ GPL์—์„œ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, GPL์€ ํŒŒ์ƒ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผderivative work์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต์œ  ์š”๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผcollective work์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋‘˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ GPL์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹จ์ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋ž€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€ํ–‰์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์žฌ๋‹จFree Software Foundation์€ GPL FAQ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›์น™์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์™”๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์„ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ตฌํ˜„์— ๋”์šฑ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ํ•œ๋•Œ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ “ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ ์•ค๋“œ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดplug and play“ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹คํ–‰ ํŒŒ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. AGPL์€ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒ์šฉ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋‹ค ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ์ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ “ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด” ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด (์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Šคํƒ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ ๊ณ„์ธก์ธ ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด)์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์ตœ์‹  ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ตฌํ˜„์— ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Bain Capital์˜ Salil Deshpande๋Š” 2018๋…„ “๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š” “AWS๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ์•„ํ‚ฌ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฑด์„ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์ž„๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.“๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ฃผ์š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ์—๋Š” AWS์˜ “Program as a Service” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ํ…Œ์ง€์š”.

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒ์šฉ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ (GPL or ์ƒ์šฉ)๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ œ๊ณต ์—…์ฒด์—์„œ ์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๊ธฐ๋„คํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œค๋„ ์•ˆ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ, ์‚ฌ์—… ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ MongoDB๋ฅผ Amazon DocumentDB๋‚˜ Azure Cosmos DB๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒ์šฉ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. GPL, AGPL ๋“ฑ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ AWS, Azure ๋˜๋Š” Google Cloud์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ํด๋ฆญ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ “๋ˆ๋ˆํ•œ” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด์™€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„, ๊ธฐ์กด ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณ„์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ “์ฒดํฌ๋ฐ•์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ"ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋น„์šฉtransaction cost์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

SSPL๊ณผ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค

2018๋…„ ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค. AWS๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ„์† ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ž ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋‚˜์„œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

  1. ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œultra-strong ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค
  2. ์ œํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์ŠคSource Available Licensing

์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค MySQL ๋ฐ MongoDB ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

SSPL

๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ 2018๋…„ SSPLServer Side Public License์„ ๋งŒ๋“  MongoDB์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

1.  Offering the Program as a Service.

If you make the functionality of the Program or a modified version 
available to third parties as a service, you must make the Service 
Source Code available via network download to everyone at no charge, 
under the terms of this License. Making the functionality of the 
Program or modified version available to third parties as a service 
includes, without limitation, enabling third parties to interact 
with the functionality of the Program or modified version remotely 
through a computer network, offering a service the value of which 
entirely or primarily derives from the value of the Program or 
modified version, or offering a service that accomplishes for users 
the primary purpose of the Program or modified version.

"Service Source Code" means the Corresponding Source for the Program 
or the modified version, and the Corresponding Source for all programs 
that you use to make the Program or modified version available as a 
service, including, without limitation, management software, user 
interfaces, application program interfaces, automation software, 
monitoring software, backup software, storage software and hosting 
software, all such that a user could run an instance of the service 
using the Service Source Code you make available. [emphasis added].

์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ณต์œ  ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ AGPL์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ GPL ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. MongoDB๋Š” SSPL ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

MongoDB๋Š” SSPL์„ OSIOpen Source Initiative์— ์Šน์ธ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›” ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ ๋์— ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, MongoDB๋Š” ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋กœ SSPL์„ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์˜Open Source Definition์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต์œ  ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ “์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅ“ํ• ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

์ œํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ž๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” Salil Deshpande๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ Commons Clause๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ค ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” Elastic์ด Elastic License 1.0์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ Redis, Confluent, CockroachDB์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์ฒด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SSPL๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹ , ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ ์ œํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋ ธ์„๊นŒ? ์ด๋Š” Freedom Zero, “์–ด๋–ค ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œ "์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค2.

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ œ์•ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค3. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ์šฉ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๋ผ์ด์„ ์ŠคEnd User license Agreement๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์—”ํ„ฐํ”„๋ผ์ด์ฆˆ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž, ์„œ๋ฒ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ์—…์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •์˜์ƒ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฆ‰, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ œํ•œ์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2018๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ถœ์‹œ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ… ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Elastic License 2.0

2021๋…„ ์ดˆ, Elasticsearch๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SSPL๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด Elastic License 2.0 (ELv2)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด Elastic 2.0 ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์งง๊ณ  (ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผ) ์‰ฌ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์— ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

You may not provide the software to third parties as a hosted or 
managed service, where the service provides users with access to 
any substantial set of the features or functionality of the software.

You may not move, change, disable, or circumvent the license key 
functionality in the software, and you may not remove or obscure 
any functionality in the software that is protected by the license key.

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ œํ•œ์€ ๋ฌด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ์ด ์ œํ•œ์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ œํ•œ์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ‚ค์˜ ํ•ดํ‚น์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” ์œ ๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ELv2ํ•˜์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐํ•ญ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์™œ ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€?

Elasticsearch๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ SSPL๊ณผ Elastic License ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด “์˜คํ”ˆ ์ฝ”์–ดopen core” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ Elasticsearch๋„ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ ์ฝ”์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ (๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ Apache 2.0๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์ ์ธpermissive) ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ๋งŒas a service ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ)์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Elasticsearch๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ MySQL์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ฒ™๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋กœ GPL, AGPL ๋˜๋Š” SSPL๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นดํ”ผ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋“คํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.

Elastic์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ SSPL๊ณผ Elastic License 2.0์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“€์–ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜ต์…˜๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Elasticsearch๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Elastic License 2.0๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด์—์„œ Elasticsearch๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธฐ๋„ค ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ๋ง‰๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ AWS๋Š” Elasticsearch ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Elasticsearch๋ฅผ Forkํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ Open Distro for Elasticsearch๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ Apache License 2.0์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์›Œ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?

Elastic License 2.0๊ณผ ์ตœ์‹  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

Elasticsearch๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์šด๋™source-available movement์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‹œ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ FAQ์—์„œ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Elastic์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” Elastic์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” “์ œ3์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ… ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šคas a hosted or managed Service๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต"ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ

๋˜ํ•œ, Elastic์€ Elastic License 2.0์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ž‘์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋งŒํผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ฐ”์ด๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ „์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” 1980๋…„๋Œ€ PC / Mac ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค.

Elastic License 2.0์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ์˜ ์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ‚ค ๋ณด์กด ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ์ „ ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋…์  ๋ฒ„์ „๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋…์  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐํ•ญ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋•์ง€๋•์ง€ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ง„ ๋ˆ„๋”๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋‚œํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง๋„ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค, ํŠนํžˆ ํ—ˆ์šฉpermissive ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตํ›ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค.

Elastic License 2.0์€ ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ํ›„, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ œํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์ด Elastic License 2.0๊ณผ Confluent Community License์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฑ„ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” Fair Code๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fair Code๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fair-code is not a software license. 
It describes a software model where software:

* is generally free to use and can be distributed by anybody
* has its source code openly available
* can be extended by anybody in public and private communities
* is commercially restricted by its authors

์ด ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์•„์ง ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒ์šฉ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ฐœ์ „์„ “์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ๋Œ€“๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ’ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณด์™„ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.

๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์˜ต์…˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2020๋…„, ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ PolyForm Project๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ๋ชจ์Œ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์™€ ๋…์  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์‹ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Creative Commons์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋น„์ƒ์—…์ , ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ „์šฉ, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. Elastic License 2.0๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. PolyForm Perimeter ๋ฐ PolyForm Shield๋Š” ์„ ์กฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Confluent Community License์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, Elastic License 2.0์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ.

“The rise of open source IPOs” https://coss.media/rise-of-the-open-source-ipo/. This article tracks some of the spectacular business successes of open source companies.

“The After Open Source Era Has Started” https://monetize.substack.com/p/open-source-eras . This article discusses the sea change represented by companies moving to source available licenses.

US House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary’s report on investigation into competition in digital markets, spearheaded by the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/7222836-Investigation-of-Competition-in-Digital-Markets.html. Note the mention of Elasticsearch on page 326.


  1. “Modification of Final Judgment,” August 24, 1982, filed in case 82-0192, United States of America v. Western Electric Company, Incorporated, and American Telephone and Telegraph Company, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia web.archive.org/web/20060827191354/members.cox↩︎

  2. The Free Software Definition is similar to the Open Source Definition, but shorter and clearer. ↩︎

  3. Open source licenses can contain conditions, such as notices or source code sharing. But these are not limitations that tell you what you cannot do with software, they only require that if you elect to do certain things, you also must do others. ↩︎

๊ธฐ์—…๋ณ„ Github ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

์ฃผ์š” IT ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ Opensource ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

EPAM, 2020๋…„๋„ ๊ธฐ์—…๋ณ„ Github ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ˜„ํ™ฉ (OSCI)

featured-github

Enterprise Software ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ปจ์„คํŒ…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” EPAM ์—์„œ๋Š” Github ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ OSCI (Open Source Contributor Index) ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋žญํ‚น ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ Github ์ปค๋ฐ‹ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์—… ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋Š” ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ปค๋ฐ‹์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ OSCI Github ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OSCI (Open Source Contributor Index)

https://solutionshub.epam.com/osci contributing-ranking

๋ถ„์„ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด ์„ ๋‘์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ, ๋ ˆ๋“œํ–‡์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ด 29์œ„, LG ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ 71์œ„์— ๋žญํฌ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—…๋ณ„ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

OSCI๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ๋ณผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Google Big Query ๊ฐ™์€ ํˆด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋ทฐ์ง• ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ ์œ ํšจํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง ์•ˆ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, OSCI๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” Github ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2018 ๋…„ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2020 ๋…„ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ GitHub์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต์šฉ ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์„ ํƒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŒ… ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด GitLab์—์„œ 1 ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

GitHub ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด Repository์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€

github-repository

GitHub์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋œ ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 2 ๋…„ ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์„ธ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋žœ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2018 ๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋™ํ–ฅ

2018 ๋…„ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋œ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ 34 %๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ 21 %๊ฐ€ GitHub์—์„œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํŒŒ์ผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ •์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์ข… ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ํŽธ์ง‘ ๋งŒ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ Apache 2.0๊ณผ MIT๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ ์ „์ฒด ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์ด 35 % ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

license-usage

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํŒŒ์ผ์ด์—†๋Š” ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด Apache 2.0 ๋˜๋Š” MIT ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ 1/3์€ ํŠน์ • ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง€์ • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 13 %์—๋Š” BSD ๋ฐ Gnu Public License์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. license-usage-exclude-no-license

GitHub์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํŒŒ์ผ์—†์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋œ ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OSCI ์ˆœ์œ„ ์ƒ์œ„ 5 ๊ฐœ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ

์ƒ์—… ์กฐ์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” GitHub์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Apache 2.0์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง€์ • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MIT ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นดํ”ผ ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํŒŒ์ผ์ด์—†๋Š” ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ (์˜ˆ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. license-usage-top5

์ƒ์œ„ 5๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—… ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

license-used-by-company

Apache๋Š” Google, IBM ๋ฐ Red Hat์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Microsoft์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง€์ • ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์ด๋ฉฐ MIT๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง€์ • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ MIT (์ฝ”๋“œ ์ €์žฅ ์†Œ์šฉ) ๋ฐ CreativeCommons (๋ฌธ์„œ ์šฉ)๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ Intel์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ Apache๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง€์ • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์™€ 3-Clause BSD๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Intel ์šฉ ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง€์ • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Apache 2.0, 3-Clause BSD ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

GitLab ๋ถ„์„

2019 ๋…„ 2 ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2020 ๋…„ 1 ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ 12 ๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ GitHub ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋œ ๊ณต์šฉ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์˜ 77.7 %๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํŒŒ์ผ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์„ ํƒ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ GitLab๊ณผ GitHub์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์—… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

gitlab-license-usage

๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํŒŒ์ผ์ด์—†๋Š” ๋ฆฌํฌ์ง€ํ† ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” MIT๊ฐ€ 37 %๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง€์ • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ 21 %, GPL 3.0์ด 17 %, Apache 2.0์ด 10 %๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋’ค๋ฅผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. GitLab์—์„œ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ํ—ˆ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ MIT๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ๋”์ด๋ฉฐ Apache 2.0 ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ GitHub๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นดํ”ผ ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋Š” GitLab๊ณผ GitHub์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์€ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

gitlab-license-excluded-no-license

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • Apache 2.0 ๋ฐ MIT๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋กœ์„œ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นดํ”ผ ๋ ˆํ”„ํŠธ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์—†์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง€์ • ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒ์—… ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OpenChain KWG News in 2020

OpenChain, ISO ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋“ฑ๋ก

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€, ISO/IEC 5230:2020

featured-cover

์ง€๋‚œ 2020๋…„ 12์›” 15์ผ, OpenChain ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ 2.1์ด ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€์ธ ISO/IEC 5230:2020๋กœ ๊ณต์‹ Publication ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : https://www.einpresswire.com/article/532735099/iso-iec-5230-2020

์นด์นด์˜ค ๊ต์œก ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ

์นด์นด์˜ค์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋žŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

Kakao ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋žŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

featured-kakao-guide

Download

๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


NCSOFT ๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ

NCSOFT์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‹œ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์  ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

NCSOFT์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์˜ ๊ณต์œ  ์ •์‹ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ต์•ˆ(PPT)๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ๋ฅผ GitHub์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

featured-cover

์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ/๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ต์œก์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ๊ต์•ˆ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐœ์ทŒ/์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ •๊ณผ ๋ณด์™„์€ GitHub์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Download

๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ•์˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Maintainer

NameCompanyEmail
Peter Jiho HanNCSOFTyulica37@ncsoft.com
Dasom HanNCSOFTdasom12@ncsoft.com

License


Open Source Compliance in the Enterprise ์š”์•ฝ ์ž๋ฃŒ

NCSOFT์—์„œ Open Source Compliance in the Enterprise ์ฑ…์„ ์š”์•ฝ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋žŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก GitHub์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Open Source Compliance in the Enterprise ์ฑ… ์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ด ์ฑ…์€ Ibrahim Haddad๊ฐ€ ์ €์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  Linux Foundation์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ• ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋งํฌ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : Download

ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์š”์•ฝ

NCSOFT์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์ฑ…์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ €์ž์ธ Ibrahim์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด๋ฅผ GitHub์— ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ž ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

NameCompanyEmailRole
Dasom HanNCSOFTdasom12@ncsoft.comMaintainer
Peter Jiho HanNCSOFTyulica37@ncsoft.comContributor

How to write blog

๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OpenChain Korea Work Group ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

OpenChain Korea Work Group์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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PrincePurple Rain1984Warner Brothers RecordsGrammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media, American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Album, American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Brit Award for Best Soundtrack/Cast Recording, Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with VocalLet’s Go Crazy, Take Me With U, The Beautiful Ones, Computer Blue, Darling Nikki, When Doves Cry, I Would Die 4 U, Baby I’m a Star, Purple Rain
Beastie BoysLicense to Ill1986Mercury RecordsnoawardsbutthistablecelliswideRhymin & Stealin, The New Style, She’s Crafty, Posse in Effect, Slow Ride, Girls, (You Gotta) Fight for Your Right, No Sleep Till Brooklyn, Paul Revere, Hold It Now, Hit It, Brass Monkey, Slow and Low, Time to Get Ill

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News

SKT, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ ISO ๊ตญ์ œ์ธ์ฆ ํš๋“

ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ S/W์—๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ™œ์šฉโ€ฆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ๋‚˜๋‚ ์ด ์ปค์ ธ
์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ„ ์†Œํ†ต ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ธ์ • ๋ฐ›์•„
โ€œ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋Š” AI ๋“ฑ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์— ํ•„์ˆ˜, ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ํ™•์žฅ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€โ€


SK telecom

SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค์ด โ€˜์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šคโ€™ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ(์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ–์ท„์Œ์„ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค(๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ ๋ฐ•์ •ํ˜ธ, www.sktelecom.com)์€ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(ISO, Interna-tional Organization for Standardization)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ํ‘œ์ค€์ธ์ฆ(ISO/IEC 5230)์„ ํš๋“ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  9์ผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.


์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. : https://news.sktelecom.com/147961

์‚ผ์„ฑ์ „์ž, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ธ์ฆ ํš๋“

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ™œ์šฉ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธ์ •โ€ฆ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต์‹ ๋ ฅ ์ œ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€

์‚ผ์„ฑ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ โ€˜์˜คํ”ˆ์ฒด์ธ(OpenChain) ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธโ€™์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ธ์ฆ(ISO/IEC 5230:2020)์„ ํš๋“ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์˜คํ”ˆ์ฒด์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธโ€™๋Š” 2016๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค ์žฌ๋‹จ(Linux Foundation)์˜ ์ฃผ๋„๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ฆ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์˜คํ”ˆ์ฒด์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธโ€™๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ปดํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์Šค ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ โ–ฒ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ โ–ฒ๋‹ด๋‹น ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ โ–ฒ์‚ฌ๋‚ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ถฉ์กฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.


OpenChain

์‚ผ์„ฑ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ธ์ฆ ํš๋“์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ™œ์šฉ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธ์ • ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ž์‚ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.


์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. : ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ „์ž, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ธ์ฆ ํš๋“

์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์ŠคSW ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํˆด โ€˜ํฌ์Šค๋ผ์ดํŠธโ€™ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ LG์ „์ž, โ€œ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋‚˜๊ฒ ๋‹คโ€

์ตœ๊ทผ LG์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด 2014๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šด์˜ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค SW๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ โ€˜ํฌ์Šค๋ผ์ดํŠธ(FOSSLight ; Free and Open Source Software Light)โ€™๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ์Šค๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ SW๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ํˆด์ด๋‹ค.

LG์ „์ž ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํƒœ์Šคํฌ. ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์™ผ์ชฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์žฌ๊ถŒ ์„ ์ž„, ๊น€์†Œ์ž„ ์„ ์ž„, ์ตœํ˜œ์„ฑ ์ฑ…์ž„, ๊น€๊ฒฝ์•  ๋ฆฌ๋”, ์„์ง€์˜ ์„ ์ž„, ๋ฐ•์›์žฌ ์„ ์ž„
๋ฐฑ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ž

โ€˜ํฌ์Šค๋ผ์ดํŠธโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค. ํฌ์Šค๋ผ์ดํŠธ์—๋Š” โ€˜์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋น›์„ ๋ฐํ˜€์ค„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šคโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค.


์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. : https://n.news.naver.com/article/138/0002105818

ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋˜ ์นด์นด์˜คํ†ก ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ดํ‹€์ด๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„

์นด์นด์˜ค, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ‘์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ’ ์ด๋‹ฌ ๋ง ์ถœ์‹œ

โ€œํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋˜ ์นด์นด์˜คํ†ก ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ดํ‹€์ด๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€

์นด์นด์˜ค์˜ ํ™ฉ์€๊ฒฝ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๊ธฐ์ˆ ํŒŒํŠธ์žฅ์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ‘์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ’์˜ ์ •์‹ ๋ฒ„์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์นด์นด์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋žซํผ '์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ'๋ฅผ 29์ผ ์ •์‹ ์ถœ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค(์ด๋ฏธ์ง€=์นด์นด์˜ค)
์นด์นด์˜ค

์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์› ๋„๊ตฌ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ชฉ๋ก๋ณ„๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.


์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. : https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20210628143239

SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์™€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ โ€˜DEVOCEANโ€™ ๋ก ์นญ

SK ICT ํŒจ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ๊ฐ„ ์†Œํ†ต ์ฑ„๋„
ICT ์ง€์‹ ๊ณต์œ  ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ๋‹ตยท๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง ์ œ๊ณต
์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ•์—ฐ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ด‰์ง„

SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค์ด ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…ยท๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋“ฑ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ก ์นญํ•˜๋ฉฐ SK์˜ ICT ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ ๊ทน ๊ณต์œ ์— ๋‚˜์„ ๋‹ค.

โ€˜๋ฐ๋ณด์…˜โ€™์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค(Developerโ€™s Ocean)๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—ˆ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ โ€˜๋ฐ”๋‹คโ€™์— ๋น„์œ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค์€ SKํ•˜์ด๋‹‰์Šค, SKใˆœC&C, SK๋ธŒ๋กœ๋“œ๋ฐด๋“œ, SKํ”Œ๋ž˜๋‹› ๋“ฑ SK ICTํŒจ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ธ์žฌ๊ฐ„ ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””๋ฒจ๋กœํผ ๋ฆด๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ฑ„๋„์ธ โ€˜๋ฐ๋ณด์…˜โ€™์„ ๋ก ์นญํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ง„=SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค
SKํ…”๋ ˆ์ฝค


์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. : https://www.fntimes.com/html/view.php?ud=202106140855478693645ffc9771_18